Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Leading articles:

F. Van Bambeke, Y. Glupczynski, P. Plésiat, J. C. Pechère, and P. M. Tulkens

Antibiotic efflux pumps in prokaryotic cells: occurrence, impact on resistance and strategies for the future of antimicrobial therapy
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1055-1065; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg224 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

F. Van Bambeke, J.-M. Michot, and P. M. Tulkens

Antibiotic efflux pumps in eukaryotic cells: occurrence and impact on antibiotic cellular pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicodynamics
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1067-1077; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg225 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Erik De Clercq

New inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on the horizon
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1079-1083; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg205 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Naohiro Kamiya

The mechanisms of action of antivirals against hepatitis B virus infection
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1085-1089; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg236 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Catherine L. Cherry and Steven L. Wesselingh

Nucleoside analogues and HIV: the combined cost to mitochondria
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1091-1093; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg203 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Justin Stebbing, Simon Portsmouth, and Brian Gazzard

How does HAART lead to the resolution of Kaposi’s sarcoma?
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1095-1098; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg199 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Marla J. Keller, Mary E. Klotman, and Betsy C. Herold

Rigorous pre-clinical evaluation of topical microbicides to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1099-1102; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg214 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Dilip Nathwani

From evidence-based guideline methodology to quality of care standards
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1103-1107; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg243 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Reviews:

Joaquim Ruiz

Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones: target alterations, decreased accumulation and DNA gyrase protection
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1109-1117; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg222 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Jorge Roig and Jordi Rello

Legionnaires’ disease: a rational approach to therapy
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1119-1129; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg191 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Original articles:

Katherine S. Barker, Margaret M. Pearson, and P. David Rogers

Identification of genes differentially expressed in association with reduced azole susceptibility in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1131-1140; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg217 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Mark D. Reisbig, Ashfaque Hossain, and Nancy D. Hanson

Factors influencing gene expression and resistance for Gram-negative organisms expressing plasmid-encoded ampC genes of Enterobacter origin
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1141-1151; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg204 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Caroline E. Codling, Jean-Yves Maillard, and A. Denver Russell

Aspects of the antimicrobial mechanisms of action of a polyquaternium and an amidoamine
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1153-1158; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg228 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Andreja Majerle, Jurka Kidric, and Roman Jerala

Enhancement of antibacterial and lipopolysaccharide binding activities of a human lactoferrin peptide fragment by the addition of acyl chain
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1159-1165; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg219 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Cristina Seral, Stéphane Carryn, Paul M. Tulkens, and Françoise Van Bambeke

Influence of P-glycoprotein and MRP efflux pump inhibitors on the intracellular activity of azithromycin and ciprofloxacin in macrophages infected by Listeria monocytogenes or Staphylococcus aureus
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1167-1173; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg223 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Toshinobu Horii, Motoki Morita, Hideaki Muramatsu, Yoshinori Muranaka, Takashi Kanno, and Masato Maekawa

Effects of mupirocin at subinhibitory concentrations on flagella formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1175-1179; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg226 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Cândida F. Pereira, Judith T. M. L. Paridaen, Marja van de Bovenkamp, Jeena Middel, Jan Verhoef, and Hans S. L. M. Nottet

APHS can act synergically with clinically available HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors and is active against several drug-resistant HIV-1 strains in vitro
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1181-1189; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg176 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

J. Barry, A. Brown, V. Ensor, U. Lakhani, D. Petts, C. Warren, and T. Winstanley

Comparative evaluation of the VITEK 2 Advanced Expert System (AES) in five UK hospitals
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1191-1202; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg234 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Maria Agnes Dawis, Henry D. Isenberg, Kenneth A. France, and Stephen G. Jenkins

In vitro activity of gatifloxacin alone and in combination with cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin and gentamicin against multidrug-resistant organisms
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1203-1211; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg238 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

J.-W. Decousser, P. Pina, F. Picot, C. Delalande, B. Pangon, P. Courvalin, P. Allouch, and the ColBVH study group

Frequency of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with bloodstream infections: a French prospective national survey
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1213-1222; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg201 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Francesca Mondello, Flavia De Bernardis, Antonietta Girolamo, Giuseppe Salvatore, and Antonio Cassone

In vitro and in vivo activity of tea tree oil against azole-susceptible and -resistant human pathogenic yeasts
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1223-1229; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg202 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

David Burger, Mark Boyd, Chris Duncombe, Mariet Felderhof, Apicha Mahanontharit, Kiat Ruxrungtham, Sasiwimol Ubolyam, Michael Stek, David Cooper, Joep Lange, Praphan Phanupak, and Peter Reiss

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of indinavir with or without low-dose ritonavir in HIV-infected Thai patients
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1231-1238; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg198 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Dennis J. Stalker, Gail L. Jungbluth, Nancy K. Hopkins, and Donald H. Batts

Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of single- and multiple-dose oral or intravenous linezolid, an oxazolidinone antibiotic, in healthy volunteers
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1239-1246; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg180 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Christian Joukhadar, Nikolas Klein, Peter Dittrich, Markus Zeitlinger, Alexander Geppert, Keso Skhirtladze, Martin Frossard, Gottfried Heinz, and Markus Müller

Target site penetration of fosfomycin in critically ill patients
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1247-1252; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg187 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Richard M. Gesser, Kathleen McCarroll, Hedy Teppler, and Gail L. Woods

Efficacy of ertapenem in the treatment of serious infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae: analysis of pooled clinical trial data
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1253-1260; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg237 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Alan D. Tice, Pamela A. Hoaglund, and David A. Shoultz

Risk factors and treatment outcomes in osteomyelitis
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1261-1268; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg186 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Mendel E. Singer, Ian Harding, Michael R. Jacobs, and Dena H. Jaffe

Impact of antimicrobial resistance on health outcomes in the out-patient treatment of adult community-acquired pneumonia: a probability model
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1269-1282; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg220 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Brief reports:

E. E. Udo, N. Al-Sweih, and B. C. Noronha

A chromosomal location of the mupA gene in Staphylococcus aureus expressing high-level mupirocin resistance
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1283-1286; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg188 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Sara M. Soto, M. Angeles González-Hevia, and M. Carmen Mendoza

Antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis: relationships between mutations conferring quinolone resistance, integrons, plasmids and genetic types
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1287-1291; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg193 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Chantal Giraud-Morin, Isabelle Madinier, and Thierry Fosse

Sequence analysis of cfxA2-like ß-lactamases in Prevotella species
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1293-1296; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg221 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

R. G. Vitale, J. Afeltra, G. S. de Hoog, A. J. Rijs, and P. E. Verweij

In vitro activity of amphotericin B and itraconazole in combination with flucytosine, sulfadiazine and quinolones against Exophiala spinifera
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1297-1300; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg218 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Christian Østergaard, Runa Vavia Yieng-Kow, Jenny Dahl Knudsen, Niels Frimodt-Møller, and Frank Espersen

Evaluation of fusidic acid in therapy of experimental Staphylococcus aureus meningitis
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1301-1305; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg231 [Abstract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Correspondence:

Ethan Rubinstein

Reply to: Efficacy and pharmacodynamics of simulated human-like treatment with levofloxacin on experimental pneumonia induced with penicillin-resistant pneumococci with various susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1307-1308; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg232 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Delphine Croisier, Manuel Etienne, and Pascal Chavanet

Reply
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1308-1309; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg233 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Stephanie J. Dancer

Glycopeptide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1309-1311; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg196 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Nigel P. Brenwald, Jenny M. Andrews, Gail Jevons, and Richard Wise

Detection of ciprofloxacin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae using nalidixic acid and BSAC methodology
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1311-1312; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg200 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

S. Wenzler, E. Schmidt-Eisenlohr, and F. Daschner

In vitro activity of penicillin G/sulbactam compared with penicillin and other antibiotics against common organisms causing ear, nose and throat (ENT) infections
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1312-1314; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg215 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

C. Novais, J. C. Sousa, T. M. Coque, L. V. Peixe, and the Resistance Study Group

First report of the activity of linezolid against Portuguese enterococci from human, animal and environmental sources
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1314-1315; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg216 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

B. Crowley and G. Ratcliffe

Extended-spectrum ß-lactamases in Enterobacter cloacae: underestimated but clinically significant!
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1316-1317; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg206 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Martin Gotteland and Sylvia Cruchet

Suppressive effect of frequent ingestion of Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 on Helicobacter pylori colonization in asymptomatic volunteers
JAC Advance Access published on April 14, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1317-1319; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg227 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Pierre Delobel and Roger Pradinaud

Rhabdomyolysis associated with pentamidine isethionate therapy for American cutaneous leishmaniasis
JAC Advance Access published on March 28, 2003
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1319-1320; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg195 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Book reviews:

Development of Novel Antimicrobial Agents: Emerging Strategies
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003 51: 1321; doi:10.1093/jac/dkg182 [Extract] [FREE Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

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