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JAC Advance Access published online on November 4, 2008
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkn455
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Leading article

Eradication of HIV: current challenges and new directions

Matthew D. Marsden1,2 and Jerome A. Zack1,2,3,*

1 Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 2 UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 3 Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA

* Corresponding author. David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E Young Drive South, BSRB 173, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7363, USA. Tel: +1-310-825-0876; Fax: +1-310-267-1875; E-mail: jzack{at}ucla.edu

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can potently suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and prevent progression to AIDS. However, HAART does not cure infected patients. Instead, HIV persists in latently infected CD4+ T cells and various cryptic cellular reservoirs. Hence, under current therapy regimens, patients must continue taking HAART for the remainder of their lives. Eliminating residual replication-competent virus is critical if eradication of HIV is to be achieved. While this challenge is formidable, we describe here a number of innovative approaches intended to further deplete HIV in HAART-treated patients. New antiretroviral drugs that target different viral proteins and stages of the virus life cycle, compounds that enhance anti-HIV immune responses and novel gene therapy approaches may each play a role in improving long-term suppression of the virus. Moreover, methods for more specifically and efficiently inducing HIV from latency and eliminating the newly activated host cells are also under development.

Key Words: latency , HAART , antiretroviral , therapy , AIDS


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