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JAC Advance Access published online on February 27, 2008
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkn034
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Original research

Antimicrobial surface functionalization of plastic catheters by silver nanoparticles

David Roe1, Balu Karandikar1, Nathan Bonn-Savage1, Bruce Gibbins1 and Jean-Baptiste Roullet2,*

1 AcryMed, Inc., 9560 SW Nimbus Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97008, USA 2 Oregon Health & Science University, 707 SW Gaines Road, Portland, OR 97221, USA

Received 13 April 2007; returned 2 January 2008; revised 19 August 2007; accepted 11 January 2008

* Corresponding author. Tel: +1-503-494-4979; Fax: +1-503-494-2781; E-mail: roulletj{at}ohsu.edu

Objectives: To test the antimicrobial activity and evaluate the risk of systemic toxicity of novel catheters coated with silver nanoparticles.

Methods: Catheters were coated with silver using AgNO3, a surfactant and N,N,N ',N '-tetramethylethylenediamine as a reducing agent. Particle size was determined by electron microscopy. Silver release from the catheters was determined in vitro and in vivo using radioactive silver (110mAg+). Activity on microbial growth and biofilm formation was evaluated against pathogens most commonly involved in catheter-related infections, and the risk for systemic toxicity was estimated by measuring silver biodistribution in mice implanted subcutaneously with 110mAg+-coated catheters.

Results: The coating method yielded a thin (~100 nm) layer of nanoparticles of silver on the surface of the catheters. Variations in AgNO3 concentration translated into proportional changes in silver coating (from 0.1 to 30 µg/cm2). Sustained release of silver was demonstrated over a period of 10 days. Coated catheters showed significant in vitro antimicrobial activity and prevented biofilm formation using Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Approximately 15% of the coated silver eluted from the catheters in 10 days in vivo, with predominant excretion in faeces (8%), accumulation at the implantation site (3%) and no organ accumulation (≤ 0.1%).

Conclusions: A method to coat plastic catheters with bioactive silver nanoparticles was developed. These catheters are non-toxic and are capable of targeted and sustained release of silver at the implantation site. Because of their demonstrated antimicrobial properties, they may be useful in reducing the risk of infectious complications in patients with indwelling catheters.

Key Words: nanotechnology , nosocomial infections , biofilms , biodistribution , mice


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