JAC Advance Access published online on August 4, 2006
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkl310
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1 Eijkman-Winkler Center for Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, G 04.614, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Objectives: We assessed the current resistance rates of Haemophilus influenzae against Methods: MICs of the antibiotics were determined using broth microdilution. The penicillin-binding domain of PBP3 of Results: The percentage of BL-positive and BLNAR strains ranged from 0% to 17.6% and 0% to 33.9%, respectively. Compared with 1997/98 and 2002/03, the overall percentage of strains non-susceptible to amoxicillin decreased from 19.8% and 23.3%, respectively, to 16.4% in 2004/05. The percentage of BL-producing strains decreased from 11.0% and 13.7%, respectively, to 7.6%, whereas the number of BLNAR strains remained stable (8.8% and 9.6%, respectively, versus 8.8% in 2004/05). Comparison of penicillin binding protein (PBP) 3B gene sequences between BLNAR and susceptible strains revealed novel amino acid mutations. Conclusions: In spite of large inter-regional differences, the overall resistance of H. influenzae to amoxicillin in Europe seems to decline due to a decreasing number of BL-producing strains, whereas the overall percentage of BLNAR strains seems relatively constant.
Received April 28, 2006
Revised July 7, 2006
Accepted July 9, 2006
Brief report
Longitudinal European surveillance study of antibiotic resistance of Haemophilus influenzae
W. T. M. Jansen 1 *, A. Verel 1, M. Beitsma 1, J. Verhoef 1, and D. Milatovic 1
W. T. M. Jansen, E-mail: W.T.M.Jansen{at}umcutrecht.nl
Abstract 
-lactams and other agents in Europe and compared the results with those of our previously performed surveillance study.-lactamase (BL)-negative, amoxicillin-resistant (BLNAR) isolates was sequenced.-lactams; amoxicillin; penicillin binding proteins.
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