JAC Advance Access published online on August 24, 2006
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkl294
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1 Section of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute, 0033 Oslo, Norway
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Objectives: To investigate the distribution of, associations between and the transferability of antimicrobial resistance genes in resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from Norwegian meat and meat products. Methods: The 241 strains investigated were collected within the frame of the Norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from feed, food and animals (NORM-VET) during the years 2000-2003. PCR was carried out for detection of resistance genes. Conjugation experiments were carried out with the resistant isolates from meat as donor strains and E. coli DH5 Results: Resistance genes common in pathogenic E. coli were frequently found among the isolates investigated. Strains harbouring several genes encoding resistance to the same antimicrobial agent were significantly (P < 0.0001) more frequently multiresistant than others. Strong positive associations were found between the tet(A) determinant and the genetic elements sul1, dfrA1 and aadA1. Negative associations were found between resistance genes encoding resistance to the same antimicrobial agent: tet(A)/tet(B), sul1/sul2 and strA-strB/aadA1. The resistance genes were successfully transferred from 38% of the isolates. The transfer was more frequent from resistant isolates harbouring class 1 integrons (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Acquired resistance played a major role in conferring resistance among the isolates investigated. The possibility of transferring resistance increases both by increased multiresistance and by the presence of class 1 integrons. The conjugation experiments suggest that tet(A) and class 1 integrons are often located on the same conjugative plasmid.
Received April 27, 2006
Revised June 19, 2006
Accepted June 28, 2006
Original article
The prevalence of, associations between and conjugal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from Norwegian meat and meat products
Marianne Sunde 1 * and Madelaine Norström 2
2 The Norwegian Zoonosis Centre, National Veterinary Institute, 0033 Oslo, Norway
Marianne Sunde, E-mail: marianne.sunde{at}vetinst.no
Abstract 
as the recipient strain. Statistical analyses were performed with the SAS-PC-System version 9.1 for Windows.
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