JAC Advance Access published online on May 30, 2006
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkl226
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 Institute of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology and Medicine, Medical School, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Objectives: To define in critically ill patients receiving intravenous (iv) ciprofloxacin (200 mg or 400 mg twice daily) and undergoing routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) the interindividual pharmacokinetic variability and the reliable pharmacodynamic breakpoint enabled by these fixed dosing regimens according to the PK/PD principles and to the pattern of susceptibility to this antibiotic. Methods: Ciprofloxacin plasma concentrations [trough (Cmin) and 30 min post-dose peak (Cmax) levels] were analysed by means of an HPLC method. Optimal pharmacodynamic exposure was assessed by estimating the theoretical pharmacodynamic breakpoints (PD BP) for either Cmax or AUC. Results: The final database included 177 sets of Cmin and Cmax performed in 89 patients (200 mg twice daily group, n = 68; 400 mg twice daily group, n = 21). A very wide interindividual scatter of results was observed for both the 200 mg group and the 400 mg group. Interestingly, for both groups only moderate log-linear relationships between estimated renal function (CLCR) on one hand and either Cmin (r2 = 0.08, 0.28) or estimated AUC24 (r2 = 0.10, 0.34) on the other hand were found. Median PD BP, respectively, in the 200 mg twice daily group and the 400 mg twice daily group, were 0.16 and 0.28 mg/L for Cmax, and 0.19 and 0.29 mg/L for AUC24. Conclusions: Lowering ciprofloxacin dosage in the presence of renal failure seems in most cases unnecessary, since drug accumulation occurred only in a few cases. Optimal pharmacodynamic exposure with fixed 200 or 400 mg twice daily regimens of ciprofloxacin may be ensured only against fully susceptible microorganisms with an MIC < 0.3 mg/L. This supports the use of higher dosages in critically ill hospitalized patients, whereas the wide unpredictable interindividual pharmacokinetic variability suggests the usefulness of TDM with the intent of optimizing efficacy with ciprofloxacin therapy.
Received July 8, 2005
Accepted May 9, 2006
Original article
Which reliable pharmacodynamic breakpoint should be advised for ciprofloxacin monotherapy in the hospital setting? A TDM-based retrospective perspective
Federico Pea 1 *,
Donatella Poz 1,
Pierluigi Viale 2,
Federica Pavan 1,
and
Mario Furlanut 1
2 Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Morphological Research, Medical School, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Federico Pea, E-mail: federico.pea{at}med.uniud.it
Abstract 
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Tumbarello, M. Sanguinetti, E. Montuori, E. M. Trecarichi, B. Posteraro, B. Fiori, R. Citton, T. D'Inzeo, G. Fadda, R. Cauda, et al. Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Bloodstream Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum-{beta}-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: Importance of Inadequate Initial Antimicrobial Treatment Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., June 1, 2007; 51(6): 1987 - 1994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|