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JAC Advance Access published online on May 10, 2006
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkl181
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received December 16, 2005
Revised April 2, 2006
Accepted April 16, 2006

Brief report

In vitro assessment of antimicrobial peptides as potential agents against several oral bacteria

H. Altman 1, D. Steinberg 2 {dagger}, Y. Porat 3, A. Mor 3, D. Fridman 2, M. Friedman 4, and G. Bachrach 2 * {dagger}

1 Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
2 Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
3 Laboratory of Antimicrobial Peptides Investigation (LAPI), Department of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
4 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
G. Bachrach, E-mail: bgilad{at}md.huji.ac.il


  Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial peptides are components of the innate immunity that play an important role in systemic and oral health.

Objectives: The antibacterial activity of the amphibian-derived K4-S4(1-15)a antimicrobial peptide was tested against oral pathogens associated with caries and periodontitis and compared with the activities of the human-derived antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and dhvar4a.

Methods: Growth inhibition of planktonic bacteria was tested using standard microdilution assays. Live/Dead staining followed by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to determine the bactericidal effect of K4-S4(1-15)a on Streptococcus mutans attached to a glass surface or grown as biofilm.

Results: The cariogenic species S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus paracasei and Actinomyces viscosus were resistant to LL-37 found in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis was the species most resistant to the three tested peptides. K4-S4(1-15)a demonstrated the highest activity against the tested planktonic bacteria. In addition, K4-S4(1-15)a was bactericidal to surface-attached S. mutans as well as to S. mutans biofilms grown in vitro. However, surface attachment increased S. mutans resistance to the antimicrobial peptide.

Conclusions: Our results support growing evidence suggesting the use of antimicrobial peptides for prevention and treatment of oral disease.

Keywords: oral infection; biofilm; LL-37; dermaseptin; histatin-5.
{dagger}These authors contributed equally to the study.
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