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JAC Advance Access published online on March 13, 2006
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkl070
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received November 30, 2005
Revised February 9, 2006
Accepted February 14, 2006

Original article

Synergic antibacterial effect between visible light and hydrogen peroxide on Streptococcus mutans

Osnat Feuerstein 1 *, Daniel Moreinos 2, and Doron Steinberg 3

1 Department of Prosthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
2 Department of Prosthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
3 Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Osnat Feuerstein, E-mail: fosnat{at}hadassah.org.il


  Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the possibility of enhancing the phototoxic effect on Streptococcus mutans using a potentially antibacterial synergic effect between blue light and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and to investigate the antibacterial mechanism involved.

Methods: Growth of S. mutans samples was determined after exposure to light in the presence and absence of H2O2. The effect of such light on H2O2 degradation, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and on the exposed-medium temperature was examined.

Results: The combination of light exposure for 20 s (~23 J/cm2) and a concentration of 0.3 mM H2O2 yielded 96% growth inhibition, whereas, when applied separately, light exposure decreased bacterial growth by 3% and H2O2 by 30% compared with the control. The results showed no direct effect of the light on H2O2 degradation, a partial protective effect of ROS scavengers on S. mutans and a non-lethal increase in the medium temperature after light exposure.

Conclusions: An antibacterial synergic effect between blue light and H2O2 was observed. The mechanism of the phototoxic effect on S. mutans was basically a photochemical process, in which ROS were involved. Application of such light in combination with H2O2 to an infected tooth could be an alternative to or serve as an additional minimally invasive antibacterial treatment.

Keywords: light exposure; phototoxic effect; reactive oxygen species.
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D. Steinberg, D. Moreinos, J. Featherstone, M. Shemesh, and O. Feuerstein
Genetic and Physiological Effects of Noncoherent Visible Light Combined with Hydrogen Peroxide on Streptococcus mutans in Biofilm
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., July 1, 2008; 52(7): 2626 - 2631.
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