Skip Navigation



JAC Advance Access published online on February 10, 2006
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkl023
This Article
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
57/4/757    most recent
dkl023v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Davin-Regli, A.
Right arrow Articles by Pagès, J. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Davin-Regli, A.
Right arrow Articles by Pagès, J. M.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received September 13, 2005
Revised January 16, 2006
Accepted January 17, 2006

Brief report

Enterobacter gergoviae and the prevalence of efflux in parabens resistance

A. Davin-Regli 1 *, R. Chollet 1, J. Bredin 1, J. Chevalier 1, F. Lepine 2, and J. M. Pagès 1

1 Enveloppe Bactérienne, Perméabilité et Antibiotiques, EA 2197, IFR48, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
2 INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
A. Davin-Regli, E-mail: Anne.Regli{at}medecine.univ-mrs.fr


  Abstract

Objectives: In order to characterize the mechanism involved in parabens resistance, we studied 13 Enterobacter gergoviae collected from diverse cosmetic formulations containing parabens as preservatives and 10 isolates from clinical or industrial sources.

Methods: RAPD and ERIC-PCR were employed and compared for the epidemiological typing. To study antibiotic and paraben susceptibility, the standard disc diffusion method and the 2-fold dilution method in Luria-Bertani medium were used. Characterization of porins was performed using immunodetection with polyclonal antibodies. Resistance mechanisms against parabens membrane permeabilization were evaluated by measuring K+ efflux using a specific electrode. mar regulon identification and comparison were carried out.

Results: Epidemiological typing confirmed that most of the cosmetic formulations were contaminated by unrelated strains. All of the E. gergoviae strains presented high methylparaben MICs, ranging from 1 to 3.8 g/L, values that were 2-5 times higher than for Escherichia coli or Enterobacter aerogenes, even in strains overexpressing MarA. These MICs decreased in the presence of phenylalanine arginine {beta}-naphthylamide, pinpointing efflux as a major mechanism of parabens resistance even in E. gergoviae clinical strains.

Conclusions: This is the first report showing the role of active efflux in the parabens resistance in E. gergoviae, a mechanism that may explain its frequent isolation in parabens-containing cosmetics compared with other enterobacterial species. Paraben efflux seems to be regulated by a mar-independent process in E. gergoviae.

Keywords: preservatives; resistance; cosmetics; mar; potassium efflux; RAPD.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?




Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.