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JAC Advance Access published online on October 20, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dki370
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received April 4, 2005
Revised September 5, 2005
Accepted September 15, 2005

Brief report

Mechanisms of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Escherichia coli isolates recovered in a Spanish hospital

Laura Briñas 1, Marta Lantero 2, Isabel de Diego 2, María Alvarez 2, Myriam Zarazaga 1, and Carmen Torres 1*

1 Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
2 Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Carmen Torres, E-mail: carmen.torres{at}daa.unirioja.es


  Abstract

Objectives: To characterize the {beta}-lactamase genes of the expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered in a Spanish hospital during the March 2002-March 2003 period.

Methods: Thirty-four of the 1700 E. coli isolates recovered from unrelated patients in a Spanish hospital showed expanded-spectrum cephalosporin resistance. The presence of genes encoding TEM, SHV, CTX-M, CMY-2-type or FOX {beta}-lactamases as well as the existence of mutations in the regulatory region of the chromosomal ampC gene were studied by PCR and sequencing in these 34 E. coli isolates.

Results: The following extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamases (ESBLs) or plasmidic class C {beta}-lactamase genes were detected (number of isolates): blaCTX-M-14 (14), blaCTX-M-9 (4), blaCTX-M-32 (1), blaTEM-52 (2), blaSHV-12 (3) and blaCMY-2 (2). The remaining eight isolates showed a mutation in the promoter/attenuator region of the ampC chromosomal gene at position -42, in combination with mutations at positions -18, -1 and +58. The blaTEM-1 gene was also detected in 12 of the ESBL-producing isolates, in both CMY-2-producing isolates and in four of the eight isolates that showed a mutation at position -42 of the ampC promoter. Other mutations in the promoter/attenuator region were detected in association with ESBL or CMY-2 genes, such as the combination -18, -1 and +58, -28 and +58, or +22, +26, +27 and +32. No clonal relationship was found among the CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates by PFGE with XbaI enzyme.

Conclusions: Approximately 1.5% of the E. coli isolates of our hospital harboured ESBL genes, those of the CTX-M-9 group being the most common ones.

Keywords: E. coli; ESBLs; class C {beta}-lactamases; Spain.
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