Skip Navigation



JAC Advance Access published online on September 2, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dki325
This Article
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
56/4/672    most recent
dki325v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Fraud, S.
Right arrow Articles by Hanlon, G. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Fraud, S.
Right arrow Articles by Hanlon, G. W.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received May 4, 2005
Revised August 16, 2005
Accepted August 17, 2005

Original article

Activity of amine oxide against biofilms of Streptococcus mutans: a potential biocide for oral care formulations

Sébastien Fraud 1, Jean-Yves Maillard 1*, Michael A. Kaminski 2, and Geoffrey W. Hanlon 1

1 School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Brighton University, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
2 Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Jean-Yves Maillard, E-mail: maillardj{at}cardiff.ac.uk


  Abstract

Aims: To assess the potential bactericidal activity of amine oxide (C10-C16-alkyldimethyl N-oxides) against Streptococcus mutans grown as planktonic suspension and as biofilm on hydroxyapatite discs, and its ability to control acidification of the media.

Methods: Amine oxide bacteriostasis was investigated using the Bioscreen C Microbiological Growth Analyser, while a standard suspension test was used to determine its bactericidal efficacy. In addition, the lethal activity of amine oxide was studied against sedimentation biofilms of S. mutans on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs and resuspended biofilms. Several parameters were considered such as the surfactant concentration, pH, the starting inoculum and the maturity of the biofilm.

Results: Amine oxide was bacteriostatic against planktonic S. mutans at a low concentration (0.006% v/v) and highly bactericidal against S. mutans in suspension or in a mature biofilm on hydroxyapatite, although the concentration required to achieve the latter effect was four times higher. The activity of amine oxide against biofilms depended upon its concentration and the age of the biofilm. In addition, amine oxide pre-treatment of the HA discs did not affect the growth of the biofilm. Finally, amine oxide did not prevent the acidification of the medium, although lower pHs had a potentiating effect on amine oxide activity.

Conclusion: Amine oxide showed high potential for controlling early biofilms caused by periodontal bacteria. Further investigations should be carried out, particularly on the potential toxicity of amine oxide and its efficacy in complex formulations for oral care products.

Keywords: biocides; dental plaque; killing kinetics; biofilms.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?




Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.