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JAC Advance Access published online on July 26, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dki254
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received March 27, 2005
Revised May 30, 2005
Accepted June 23, 2005

Original article

Mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones and carbapenems in Pseudomonas putida

Toshinobu Horii 1* and Hideaki Muramatsu 2

1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handa-yama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; Group of Infection Control Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handa-yama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
2 Group of Infection Control Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handa-yama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; Division of Pharmacy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handa-yama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toshinobu Horii, E-mail: horiihm{at}hama-med.ac.jp


  Abstract

Objectives: Pseudomonas putida is an uncommon opportunistic pathogen, usually susceptible to antimicrobial agents. Data concerning resistance to antimicrobial agents in clinical P. putida isolates are limited.

Patients and methods: Susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and other antibiotics were characterized in five clinical isolates of P. putida recovered from different patients with urinary tract infections as causative pathogens. Fluoroquinolone and carbapenem resistance were characterized genetically by the methods of PCR and DNA sequencing. Outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles were characterized by SDS-PAGE.

Results: Four of five isolates were resistant or intermediate to both fluoroquinolones and carbapenems. Nucleotide sequences in the quinolone resistance-determining regions suggested that amino acid mutations such as Thr-83->Ile in GyrA and Glu-469->Asp in GyrB may contribute to high resistance to fluoroquinolones. Four metallo-{beta}-lactamase-producing isolates that showed resistance to carbapenems carried the IMP-type metallo-{beta}-lactamase genes. A combined effect of reduced production of 46 kDa OMP and metallo-{beta}-lactamase production was shown by a P. putida isolate exhibiting the highest MICs of carbapenems.

Conclusions: This study identified mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones and carbapenems in clinical P. putida isolates.

Keywords: Pseudomonas spp.; antibiotic resistance; outer membrane protein; OMP; {beta}-lactamases.
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