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JAC Advance Access published online on June 7, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dki186
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received December 10, 2004
Revised March 10, 2005
Accepted May 9, 2005

Original article

Antibacterial activities of gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and erythromycin against intracellular Legionella pneumophila and Legionella micdadei in human monocytes

Aldona L. Baltch 1*, Lawrence H. Bopp 2, Raymond P. Smith 1, Phyllis B. Michelsen 1, and William J. Ritz 1

1 Infectious Disease Section, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
2 Infectious Disease Section, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Aldona L. Baltch, E-mail: aldona.baltch{at}med.va.gov


  Abstract

Objectives: The antibacterial activity of a new fluoroquinolone, gemifloxacin, was tested against intracellular Legionella pneumophila and Legionella micdadei and was compared with the activities of levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and erythromycin.

Methods: For intracellular assays, bacteria were used to infect human monocyte-derived macrophages prepared from heparinized blood of healthy volunteers. Antibiotics were added following phagocytosis. Numbers of viable bacteria were determined at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h.

Results: The intracellular antibacterial activity of gemifloxacin was concentration- and time-dependent. All of the quinolones had similar activities against L. pneumophila and L. micdadei at 10 x MIC, but there were minor differences: at 24 h moxifloxacin was significantly more active than the other quinolones against L. pneumophila, while gemifloxacin was more active against L. micdadei (P < 0.01). All of the quinolones were markedly more active than erythromycin (P < 0.01). The antibacterial effect of gemifloxacin against L. pneumophila following drug removal at 24 h persisted for 72 h at 20 x MIC but not at 10 x MIC, while for L. micdadei the antibacterial effect persisted for 24 h at 10 x MIC.

Conclusions: All of the quinolones had similar activities against intracellular L. pneumophila and L. micdadei and were markedly more effective than erythromycin.

Keywords: Legionella spp., in vitro models; fluoroquinolones; macrolides; phagocytes.
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