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JAC Advance Access published online on May 23, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dki161
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Published by Oxford University Press 2005.
Received January 6, 2005
Revised April 15, 2005
Accepted April 17, 2005

Brief report

Identification of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli recovered from humans and food animals

Ruby Singh 1, Carl M. Schroeder 2 {dagger}, Jianghong Meng 2, David G. White 1, Patrick F. McDermott 1, David D. Wagner 1, Hanchun Yang 2 {ddagger}, Shabbir Simjee 1 {sect}, Chitrita DebRoy 3, Robert D. Walker 1, and Shaohua Zhao 1*

1 Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
2 Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
3 Gastroenteric Disease Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Shaohua Zhao, E-mail: szhao{at}cvm.fda.gov


  Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons among Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC).

Methods: Two-hundred and seventy-four STEC recovered from poultry, cattle, swine and humans were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, screened for the presence of class 1 integrons by PCR, and assayed for integron transfer by conjugation.

Results: Ninety-three (34%) of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin, followed by 89 (32%) to sulfamethoxazole, 83 (30%) to tetracycline, 48 (18%) to ampicillin, 29 (11%) to cefalothin, 22 (8%) to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 18 (7%) to gentamicin, 13 (5%) to chloramphenicol and 10 (4%) to cefoxitin. Class 1 integrons were detected in 43 (16%) of the 274 isolates. The adenyl acetyltransferase gene, aadA, which confers resistance to streptomycin, was identified in integrons from 41 (95%) of these 43 isolates, and the dfrA12 gene, which confers resistance to trimethoprim, was identified in integrons from eight (19%) of the isolates. The sat1 gene, which confers resistance to streptothricin, an antimicrobial that has never been approved for use in the United States, was identified in integrons from three (7%) of the isolates. Transfer of integrons by conjugation between strains of E. coli resulted in transfer of antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefalothin, gentamicin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and streptomycin.

Conclusions: Antimicrobial resistance is common in STEC. Class 1 integrons located on mobile plasmids have facilitated the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among STEC in humans and food animals.

Keywords: gene cassettes; food-borne pathogens; STEC.

{dagger}Present address. Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA.

{ddagger}Present address. China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China.

{sect}Present address. Elanco Animal Health, Basingstoke RG21 6XA, UK.


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