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JAC Advance Access published online on April 21, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dki127
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

Leading article

Drug resistance and antiretroviral drug development

Robert W. Shafer 1* and Jonathan M. Schapiro 2

1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 2National Hemophilia Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Robert W. Shafer, E-mail: rshafer{at}stanford.edu


  Abstract

As more drugs for treating HIV have become available, drug resistance profiles within antiretroviral drug classes have become increasingly important for researchers developing new drugs and for clinicians integrating new drugs into their clinical practice. In vitro passage experiments and comprehensive phenotypic susceptibility testing are used for the pre-clinical evaluation of drug resistance. Clinical studies are required, however, to delineate the full spectrum of mutations responsible for resistance to a new drug and to identify the settings in which a new drug is likely to be most useful for salvage therapy.

Keywords: HIV; profiles; antivirals; clinical studies; genotype; phenotype.
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