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JAC Advance Access published online on January 28, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dki012
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JAC © The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005; all rights reserved
Received November 5, 2004
Revised December 6, 2004
Accepted December 8, 2004

Original article

Occurrence of integrons and resistance genes among sulphonamide-resistant Shigella spp. from Brazil

Gisele Peirano 1, Yvonne Agersø 2, Frank M. Aarestrup 2*, and Dalia dos Prazeres Rodrigues 1

1 Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2 Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Frank M. Aarestrup, E-mail: faa{at}dfvf.dk


  Abstract

Objectives: To determine the occurrence of class 1 and 2 integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes among sulphonamide-resistant Shigella strains isolated in Brazil during 1999-2003.

Methods: Sixty-two Shigella (Shigella flexneri, n = 47 and Shigella sonnei, n = 15) were tested against 21 antimicrobial agents. The presence of integrons classes 1 and 2 and antimicrobial resistance genes was investigated by PCR using specific primers.

Results: A total of eight antimicrobial resistance profiles were identified, with the profile of resistance to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, spectinomycin, streptomycin and tetracycline being the most common among S. sonnei, and additionally to ampicillin and chloramphenicol among S. flexneri. Class 1 integrons were found in only two strains, whereas class 2 integrons were found in 56 (90.3%) of the strains. All class 2-positive strains had a similar fragment of 2214 bp harbouring a gene cassette array conferring resistance to trimethoprim, streptothricin and spectinomycin/streptomycin. The genes coding for resistance to chloramphenicol (catA1), tetracycline [tet(A) and tet(B)] and ampicillin (blaOXA and blaTEM), were detected in resistant strains.

Conclusions: The detection of class 1 and 2 integrons and additional antimicrobial resistance genes allowed us to identify the most frequent antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella spp. isolated in Brazil.

Keywords: Shigella sonnei; Shigella flexneri; tetracycline; chloramphenicol; OXA and TEM {beta}-lactamases.
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