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JAC Advance Access published online on October 7, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh448
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Received July 19, 2004
Revised September 7, 2004
Accepted September 8, 2004

Brief report

Antibiotic resistance of faecal Escherichia coli from healthy volunteers from eight developing countries

S. Nys 1, I. N. Okeke 2, S. Kariuki 3, G. J. Dinant 4, C. Driessen 1, and E. E. Stobberingh 1*

1 Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Medical Microbiology, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
2 Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, USA
3 Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
4 Department of General Practice, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: EST{at}lmib.azm.nl.


  Abstract

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant faecal Escherichia coli from adult volunteers from urban (U) areas in Kenya, Mexico, Peru and the Philippines, and non-urban (NU) locations in Curaçao, Mexico, Venezuela, Ghana, Zimbabwe and the Philippines.

Methods: Faecal samples of adult volunteers (n=1290) were analysed in one laboratory for the presence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli using Eosin Methylene Blue agar plates containing, respectively, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, cefazolin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim at breakpoint concentrations.

Results: The mean age of the volunteers was ~35 years; most of them were female. Ciprofloxacin resistance was in the range 1%-63%: the highest percentages were found in the urban populations of Asia and South America. In Peru and the Philippines (U and NU), the prevalence of gentamicin resistance was >20%. Cefazolin resistance was the highest in the urban Philippines (25%). Higher prevalences for ampicillin, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim were found for urban areas compared with non-urban ones of Asia, Africa and South America, respectively (P<0.05).

Conclusions: In the populations studied, antibiotic resistance in faecal E. coli from adult volunteers was emerging for cefazolin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin and was high for the older drugs ampicillin, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol.

Keywords: prevalence of antibiotic resistance; emerging resistance; ciprofloxacin.
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