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JAC Advance Access published online on September 3, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh425
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Received April 12, 2004
Revised August 2, 2004
Accepted August 10, 2004

Original article

Genetic relatedness of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated in south Asia

Kaisar A. Talukder 1*, Bijay K. Khajanchi 1, M. Aminul Islam 1, Dilip K. Dutta 1, Zhahirul Islam 1, Ashrafus Safa 1, G. Y. Khan 1, Khorshed Alam 1, M. A. Hossain 1, Sarala Malla 2, S. K. Niyogi 3, Mustafizur Rahman 1, Haruo Watanabe 4, G. Balakrish Nair 1, and David A. Sack 1

1 Enteric Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences Division, ICDDR, B: Centre for Health and Population Research, GPO Box-128, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
2 National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
3 National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
4 Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kaisar{at}icddrb.org.


  Abstract

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the clonal relationships of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated from south Asia, and S. dysenteriae 1 strains associated with epidemics in 1978, 1984 and 1994.

Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibilities were examined by NCCLS methods. Molecular epidemiological characterization was performed by plasmid profiling, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and mutation analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA by sequencing.

Results: Plasmid patterns of the current ciprofloxacin-resistant strains from India, Nepal and Bangladesh were very similar to those of the 1978, 1984 and 1994 epidemic isolates of S. dysenteriae 1, except for the presence of a new plasmid of ~2.6 MDa, which was found in one recent ciprofloxacin-resistant strain isolated in Bangladesh. PFGE analysis showed that the ciprofloxacin-resistant strains isolated in Bangladesh, India and Nepal belonged to a PFGE type (type A), which was possibly related to that of the 1984 and 1994 clone of S. dysenteriae 1, but different from 1978 epidemic strains. The current ciprofloxacin-resistant strains belong to five subtypes (A3-A7), all of which were found in India, but in Bangladesh and Nepal, only A3 existed. Mutation analysis of the QRDR of gyrA revealed that amino acid substitutions at positions 83 and 87 of ciprofloxacin-resistant strains isolated in Bangladesh were similar to those of the strains isolated in Nepal, but different (at position 87) from ciprofloxacin-resistant strains isolated in India.

Conclusions: PFGE and mutation analysis of gyrA showed differences between the current ciprofloxacin-resistant S. dysenteriae 1 strains isolated in south Asia and those associated with epidemics in 1978, 1984 and 1994.

Keywords: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; gyrA; QRDRs; epidemics.
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