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JAC Advance Access published online on June 9, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh287
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Received December 19, 2003
Revised April 7, 2004
Accepted April 10, 2004

Brief report

In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Extractum liquiritiae, glycyrrhizin and its metabolites

Rea Krausse 1*, Jens Bielenberg 2, Wolfgang Blaschek 3, Uwe Ullmann 1

1 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 4, 24105 Kiel, Germany
2 Raphael-Pharmacy, Westerhorn, Germany
3 Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Kiel, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: r.krausse{at}medmicrobio.uni-kiel.de.


  Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the in vitro activity of Extractum liquiritiae (EL), glycyrrhizic acid (GL), glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and a novel lipophilic derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide (GAMG), acetylated GAMG (aGAMG), against 29 Helicobacter pylori strains.

Methods: The MIC of each compound was determined by the agar dilution method, and the killing kinetics were monitored in brain heart infusion broth (~106-107 cfu/mL) at 0, 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h.

Results: GA was the most potent compound (MIC50 /90, 50/100 mg/L), inhibiting 79.3% of the strains at MIC ≤50 mg/L. Clarithromycin-resistant strains were susceptible at 12.5 and 25 mg/L, and metronidazole-resistant strains at 25-50 and at 200 mg/L. The MIC distribution (mg/L) of aGAMG was ≤6.25 (29.2%), 50 (4.2%), 100-200 (12.5%) and ≥400 (54.1%). EL and GL were less active (MICs >400 mg/L). GA exhibited rapid, concentration and strain-dependent bactericidal activity.

Conclusions: The potent in vitro activity of GA against H. pylori provides a further explanation for its beneficial effect on peptic ulcers. Its effectiveness against clarithromycin-resistant strains provides hope that it can form the basis for an alternative therapeutic agent against H. pylori.

Key Words: Keywords: Helicobacter, liquorice, glycyrrhetinic acid, novel derivatives


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