JAC Advance Access published online on May 18, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh247
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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1 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College
of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough
Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wagebrey{at}ncsu.edu.
Objectives: The objectives of this
study were to determine antimicrobial resistance and to identify
phage types and class 1 integrons among non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates
from 24 pig farms in North Carolina collected between 1997 and 2000. Methods: A total of 1314 isolates of 30 serotypes
from pig faecal samples were collected and analysed over a 3 year
period. The isolates were characterized using antimicrobial susceptibility
testing, phage typing, PCR and DNA sequencing for class 1 integrons. Results: A high frequency of resistance to antimicrobial
agents including tetracycline (85%), ampicillin (47%),
co-amoxiclav (23%) and chloramphenicol (21%) was
detected. Two multidrug resistance patterns were common in Typhimurium
(including variant Copenhagen): isolates with co-amoxiclav, ampicillin,
chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline
(R-type AxACSSuT) [36%] and isolates
with ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline
(R-type AKSSuT) [45%] resistance patterns.
Definitive Type 104 (DT104) was the most common (34%) among
eight phage types identified. AKSSuT was found among non-DT104 phage
types, particularly DT21 and DT193. Class 1 integrons were detected
among various serotypes including Typhimurium, Derby, Muenchen,
Worthington, Bere and Muenster. aadA was the most
common resistance gene insert, and the oxa30 Conclusions: In this study, two most important
multidrug resistance patterns (AxACSSuT and AKSSuT) and phage types
of public health significance (DT104 and DT193) constituted two-thirds
of the serotype Typhimurium isolates. The findings imply that pigs
raised in the commercial production system may pose a risk in serving
as reservoirs of resistant Salmonella.
Revised March 23, 2004
Accepted March 24, 2004
Original article
Trends in antimicrobial resistance, phage types
and integrons among Salmonella serotypes from pigs,
1997-2000
Abstract 
-lactamase resistance gene was also
identified among serovar Muenchen.
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