JAC Advance Access published online on May 5, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh214
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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1 Centro Nacional de Microbiología,
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid;
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jcampos{at}isciii.es.
Objectives: Since 1998 the European
Commission has funded EARSS. We present the antibiotic susceptibility
results of invasive Staphylococcus aureus obtained
in Spain (2000-2002). Material and methods: Forty hospitals participated
in this study, covering nearly 30% of the Spanish population.
All blood isolates of S. aureus were included.
Laboratories used their usual methods to perform microbiological
studies. Annual external quality controls were carried out. A questionnaire
with hospital, patient and specimen data was completed for each
isolate. Results were included in a database and analysed with WHONET
5 software. Results: Invasive S. aureus was
isolated in 3113 patients. Resistance was 24.5% to oxacillin,
25.4% to ciprofloxacin, 25.2% to erythromycin
and 12.1% to gentamicin. Gentamicin resistance decreased
from 16.6% (2000) to 9.7% (2002). Multiresistance
was observed in 68.1% of oxacillin-resistant isolates.
More prevalent multiresistance profiles consisted of oxacillin-ciprofloxacin-erythromycin-gentamicin
(7.4%) and oxacillin-ciprofloxacin-erythromycin
(7.1%). Oxacillin resistance was significantly higher in
nosocomial isolates than in those implicated in community-onset
infections (26.7% versus 14.2%), in isolates from
adults than in those from children (27.3% versus 4.7%),
in hospitals with >500 beds than in those with <500
beds (31.1% versus 18.3%) and in isolates from
Intensive Care Units than in those from other departments (39.3% versus 24%).
Decreased susceptibility to vancomycin was not detected. Conclusions: In Spain, S. aureus blood
isolates present a high prevalence of resistance to oxacillin, ciprofloxacin
and erythromycin, as well as a high prevalence of multiresistance.
Oxacillin resistance remains stable but varies in relation to hospital
size, patient age, hospital department and place of infection acquisition.
Revised February 24, 2004
Accepted February 28, 2004
Original article
Antibiotic resistance in 3113 blood isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in 40 Spanish hospitals participating
in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (2000-2002)
2 Servicio de Microbiología,
H. Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Abstract 
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