JAC Advance Access published online on April 7, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh168
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Original article
1 School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13
9PL, UK;
* Corresponding author. E-mail: andrew.mcbain{at}man.ac.uk.
Received 27 August 2003
; revised 5 February 2004
; accepted 5 February 2004
Objectives: To investigate the effect
of triclosan exposure on the antimicrobial susceptibilities of numerically important
dental bacteria. Methods: A gradient plate technique was used
to expose Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus
rhamnosus, Neisseria subflava, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Prevotella
nigrescens, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus
sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella
dispar repeatedly to escalating, sublethal concentrations of
triclosan. Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 was included
as an organism showing the triclosan resistance development trait.
MIC values towards chlorhexidine, metronidazole and tetracycline
were determined before and after biocide exposure. Results: N. subflava, Pr.
nigrescens Po. gingivalis and E.
coli were highly susceptible to triclosan (MIC range 0.1-3.9
mg/L), whereas the lactobacillus and S. mutans were
less susceptible (MIC range 15.6-20.8 mg/L). Triclosan
exposure resulted in a highly significant ( Conclusions: These data fail to demonstrate
biologically significant drug resistance in triclosan-exposed bacteria
and suggest that markedly decreased triclosan susceptibility, although
confirmed for E. coli, is not a universal phenomenon.
Other bacteria possibly possess more susceptible targets than FabI
that are highly conserved, which may govern triclosan activity.
Keywords: dental plaque, susceptibility, antibiotics
Selection for high-level resistance by chronic
triclosan
exposure is not universal
2 Colgate-Palmolive Company,
Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
400-fold)
reduction in triclosan susceptibility (P < 0.01) for
the positive control E. coli, although its MICs
towards chlorhexidine, metronidazole and tetracycline were not significantly
altered. Minor (two-fold) decreases
in triclosan susceptibility (MIC) occurred for Pr. nigrescens and
in S. sanguis and S. oralis (MBC).
Mean changes in susceptibilities (MIC and MBC) of the oral species
to chlorhexidine, metronidazole and tetracycline did not exceed
two-fold, although chlorhexidine MBCs for S. sanguis were
markedly, but transiently, increased.
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