JAC Advance Access published online on March 17, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh150
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Brief report
1 Division of Farm Animal
Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Langford BS40
5DU;
* Corresponding author. E-mail: a.a.g.delsol{at}bristol.ac.uk.
Received 10 November 2003
; revised 6 January 2004
; accepted 15 January 2004
Objective: The effect of a single
5 day enrofloxacin treatment on the native Campylobacter coli population in conventionally weaned 5-week-old
pigs was investigated. Materials: Twelve pigs were split into two groups
of six: one group was treated with a therapeutic dose
(15 mg/pig/day) of enrofloxacin and the other remained untreated
to act as the control. Campylobacter coli were
isolated from faecal samples and tested for ciprofloxacin resistance
by measuring MIC values. Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining
region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene of resistant isolates
were identified by sequencing and denaturing HPLC. Levels of enrofloxacin
and its primary metabolite ciprofloxacin in the pig faeces were
also measured by HPLC. Results: No quinolone-resistant C.
coli (n = 867) were detected in any
of the pigs prior to treatment, indicating <0.1% resistance
in the group. Resistant C. coli were isolated from
pigs for up to 35 days after treatment with a therapeutic dose.
These resistant C. coli had MIC values of 128 mg/L
and 8-16 mg/L for nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin, respectively,
and the same single point mutation causing a Thr-86 to Ile substitution
in the QRDR was identified in each. The concentration of enrofloxacin
in the pig faeces was 2-4 µg/g
faeces for the duration of the 5 day therapeutic treatment and was
detected up to 10 days post-treatment. Ciprofloxacin was also measured
and peaked at 0.6 µg/g faeces in the
treated group. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that
a single course of enrofloxacin treatment contributes directly to
the emergence and persistence of fluoroquinolone resistance in C. coli.
Keywords: C. coli, animal models, quinolones
Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in the
native
Campylobacter coli population of pigs exposed to enrofloxacin
2 Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial
Research and Evaluation, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital,
Bristol BS10 5NB;
3 Department
of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency
(Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT13 3NB;
4 Antimicrobial Agents Research Group,
Department of Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham,
Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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