JAC Advance Access published online on March 3, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh136
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Original article
1 Graduate Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical
University, Kaohsiung;
* Corresponding author. E-mail: aalin{at}ms24.hinet.net.
Received 28 October 2003
; revised 4 January 2004
; accepted 7 January 2004
Aims: To investigate the in
vitro antiviral properties of putranjivain A, isolated from
the whole plant of Euphorbia jolkini Bioss (Euphorbiaceae). Methods and results: Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2
strain 196-infected Vero cells were used. It was shown that putranjivain
A exhibited antiviral activity with an IC50 of 7.9 ± 1.2 µM
using the XTT assay, with the IC50 value
increasing with increasing multiplicity of infection. Using the
plaque reduction assay, the IC50 and IC90 were
6.3 ± 0.8 and 14.5 ± 3.1 µM, respectively. Putranjivain A showed
no cytotoxic effect on cell multiplication at concentrations that
achieved antiviral activity. The 50% cell cytotoxic concentration
(CC50) was 80.3 ± 14.7 µM, and the selectivity index (SI) (ratio
of CC50 to IC50) for the XTT and plaque reduction
assays was 10.2 and 12.7, respectively. When tested for virucidal
activity, putranjivain A significantly reduced viral infectivity
at concentrations of 75 and 100 µM,
but not at 50 µM or below. The results
of the time-of-addition studies suggested that putranjivain A affected
the late stage of HSV-2 replication at 25 µM.
Interestingly, putranjivain A also showed inhibition of viral attachment
and cell penetration. The combination of putranjivain A and aciclovir
produced no interaction. Conclusions: Putranjivain A possesses antiviral
activity, inhibiting viral attachment and penetration, and also
interfering with the late stage of viral replication.
Keywords: antiviral activity, HSV-2, plants
Putranjivain A from Euphorbia jolkini inhibits
both virus entry and late stage replication of herpes simplex virus
type 2 in vitro
2 Department
of Pharmacy, Tajen Institute of Technology, Ping-Tung;
3 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College
of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
5 Graduate Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical
University, Kaohsiung; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College
of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
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