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JAC Advance Access published online on January 28, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh094
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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© 2004 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Brief report

Contribution of integrons, and SmeABC and SmeDEF efflux pumps to multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Lin-Li Chang 1 *, Hui-Feng Chen 1 , Chung-Yu Chang 1 , Tsong-Ming Lee 2 , and Wen-Jeng Wu 3

1 Department of Microbiology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung;
2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Tajen Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
3 Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung;

* Corresponding author. E-mail: m725006{at}kmu.edu.tw.

Received 14 August 2003 ; revised 30 November 2003 ; accepted 1 December 2003

Abstract

Objectives: The contribution of integrons and efflux pumps to multidrug resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was evaluated.

Materials and methods: Ninety-three S. maltophilia clinical isolates were studied. PCR and direct sequencing were used to detect the presence of integrons. Real-time PCR was performed to assess and quantify the expression of the Sme efflux pumps of S. maltophilia.

Results: Class 1 integrons were detected in 22% of clinical isolates and carried cassettes conferring resistance mainly to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim. The small multidrug resistance gene, smr, was found on class 1 integrons in six isolates. Thirty-one percent of the isolates overexpressed the smeDEF gene, as compared with a control strain, and 59% overexpressed the smeABC gene. Extrusion of ciprofloxacin and meropenem was specific to the SmeABC and SmeDEF pumps, respectively.

Conclusion: SmeABC and SmeDEF efflux pumps play important roles in resistance of S. maltophilia to ciprofloxacin and meropenem.

Keywords: real-time PCR, class 1 integrons, plasmids
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