JAC Advance Access published online on January 16, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh081
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Original article
1 National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo,
185-8511, Japan
* Corresponding author. E-mail: esaki{at}nval.go.jp.
Received 4 July 2003
; revised 19 November 2003
; accepted 19 November 2003
Objectives: The Japanese Veterinary
Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring (JVARM) Program was established
in 1999 to examine the susceptibility of bacteria from food-producing
animals to antimicrobial agents. This study tested the susceptibility
of Salmonella isolates collected during 2001-2002
to 20 antimicrobials. Materials and methods: MICs of antimicrobial
agents were determined using the NCCLS agar dilution method, and
interpreted according to breakpoints obtained from the bimodal MIC
distributions. Results: A total of 82 Salmonella were
isolated from food-producing animals and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.
Isolates resistant to ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin,
oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, bicozamycin, nalidixic acid, oxolinic
acid and trimethoprim were obtained from healthy animals and diagnostic
sample submissions. Salmonella Dublin was isolated
only from cattle and showed resistance to older quinolones. Resistance
to ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin and oxytetracycline was
common across all serotypes. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Choleraesuis
was isolated from swine and was the first Japanese report on this
type of resistance in Salmonella from an animal
origin. Most Salmonella Typhimurium isolates showed
resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, dihydrostreptomycin and
oxytetracycline. S. Typhimurium DT104 accounted
for 40.7% of S. Typhimurium isolates and
was more often multi-drug resistant. Most Salmonella Infantis
isolates from poultry showed resistance to dihydrostreptomycin,
oxytetracycline, trimethoprim or kanamycin. In Salmonella Enteritidis,
the major serotype isolated from food-poisoning in Japan, only resistance
to dihydrostreptomycin was observed. Conclusions: This is the first JVARM report
of Salmonella isolates, and continuous investigations
at the national level on antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolated
from food-producing animals will be important in the JVARM Program.
Keywords: Salmonella, resistance, Japan,
JVARM, DT104
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated
from cattle, swine and poultry (2001-2002): report from
the Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program
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