JAC Advance Access published online on January 16, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh071
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Brief report
1 Division of Infection
and Immunity, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London,
256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK;
* Corresponding author. E-mail: jpratten{at}eastman.ucl.ac.uk.
Received 3 September 2003
; revised 23 October 2003
; accepted 4 November 2003
Objectives: The aim of this study
was to assess the resistance of Candida albicans biofilms
to both antifungal and antimicrobial agents in vitro. Methods: Biofilms of C. albicans were
grown on denture acrylic discs in a constant depth film fermentor
and maintained with artificial saliva. The MIC of fluconazole, miconazole
and chlorhexidine for C. albicans was first determined.
Using these data, 72 h biofilms were exposed to these agents at
different MIC levels. In order to assess growth, biofilms were removed
from the fermentor, incubated in the test agent for various periods,
the biofilms disrupted and the viable yeast cells present determined.
The MIC for these cells was then also determined. In a separate
experiment, biofilms of various ages (2-72 h) were exposed
to sub-biofilm MIC concentrations for two different periods. Results: C. albicans biofilms
were found to be highly resistant to fluconazole and miconazole
compared with the same cells grown in suspension ( Conclusions: We have shown in this study that
the susceptibility of C. albicans to antifungal
and antimicrobial agents changes throughout biofilm development.
Keywords: in vitro, antifungal, antimicrobial,
MIC
Susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms
grown in a constant
depth film fermentor to chlorhexidine, fluconazole and miconazole:
a longitudinal study
2 School of Dental Science, Faculty
of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Australia
1024 x MIC). In contrast, chlorhexidine inhibited
the growth of C. albicans biofilms at a concentration
up to 8 x MIC. When the susceptibility
of biofilms over time was investigated, higher reductions were observed
for chlorhexidine and miconazole than fluconazole for biofilms of
2 and 6 h.
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