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JAC Advance Access published online on January 7, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkh038
© 2004 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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© 2004 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Brief report

Effect of a 5 day enrofloxacin treatment on Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 in the pig

Anne A. Delsol 1 *, Martin J. Woodward 2 , and John M. Roe 1

1 Division of Farm Animal Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Langford BS40 5DU;
2 Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK

* Corresponding author. E-mail: a.a.g.delsol{at}bris.ac.uk.

Received 28 March 2003 ; revised 11 August 2003 ; accepted 29 October 2003

Abstract

Objectives: There are concerns that the use of enrofloxacin in livestock production may contribute to the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in zoonotic bacteria. The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of a single 5 day enrofloxacin treatment on Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 in a pig model.

Results: Our results showed that a single treatment failed to eradicate S. Typhimurium DT104, which continued to be isolated up to 35 days after treatment. We also provide evidence that treatment positively selects for S. Typhimurium DT104 strains that are already nalidixic acid resistant (gyrA Asn-87) or cyclohexane resistant, the latter being indicative of an up-regulated efflux pump. Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance was not detected during treatment or post-treatment in any of the Salmonella strains monitored. However, the effect of enrofloxacin on the nalidixic acid-resistant and cyclohexane-resistant S. Typhimurium DT104 outlasted the current withdrawal time of 10 days for Baytril (commercial veterinary formulation of enrofloxacin).

Conclusions: In conclusion, our study has provided direct evidence that enrofloxacin-treated pigs could be entering abattoirs with higher numbers of quinolone-resistant zoonotic bacteria than untreated pigs, increasing the risk of these entering the food chain.

Keywords: zoonotics, antimicrobial resistance, animal models
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