JAC Advance Access published online on September 30, 2003
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkg441
© 2003 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Brief report
1 Division of Animal and
Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine
* Corresponding author. E-mail: szhao{at}cvm.fda.gov.
Received 7 May 2003
; revised 12 August 2003
; accepted 13 August 2003
Objectives: The objectives of this
study were to determine the potential risk of dog treats in transmitting Salmonella to humans in the USA, and to characterize
genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance among the isolates. Methods: A total of 158 dog treats derived from
pig ears and other animal parts were randomly collected nationwide
and assayed for the presence of Salmonella. The Salmonella isolates were characterized using serotyping,
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility
testing. Results: Forty-one percent (65/158) of samples
were positive for Salmonella. Eighty-four Salmonella isolates,
comprising 24 serotypes, were recovered from the 65 positive samples.
Fourteen samples were contaminated with more than one Salmonella serotype.
PFGE analysis of 78 Salmonella isolates yielded
64 patterns. S. Infantis with PFGE patterns indistinguishable
from those of strains identified in Canadian outbreaks in 1999 were
recovered in several dog treat products. The majority of Salmonella isolates
were susceptible to the antimicrobials tested; however, resistance
was observed to tetracycline (26%), streptomycin (23%),
sulfamethoxazole (19%), chloramphenicol (8%) and
ampicillin (8%). Twenty-eight (36%) Salmonella isolates
were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 10 (13%)
isolates displayed resistance to four or more antimicrobials. Two
isolates were identified as S. Typhimurium DT104
with the characteristic penta-resistance phenotype (ampicillin,
chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline).
One S. Brandenburg isolate was resistant to eight
antimicrobials. Seven Salmonella isolates also contained
class I integrons encoding resistance genes to aminoglycosides, Conclusions: The study indicates that animal-derived
dog treats in the USA could be a potential source of animal and
human infections with Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, integrons, PFGE
Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relatedness
of Salmonella serovars isolated from animal-derived
dog treats in the USA
2 Division of Field Science,
Office of Regulatory Affairs, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville,
MD 20708, USA
-lactam and streptothricin antimicrobials.
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