JAC Advance Access published online on May 29, 2003
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkg285
© 2003 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Original article
1 Department of Medical
Microbiology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500
HB Nijmegen; Nijmegen University
Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen
* Corresponding author. E-mail: p.verweij{at}mmb.umcn.nl.
Received 13 December 2002
; revised 14 April 2003
; accepted 14 April 2003
The post-antifungal effect (PAFE) of amphotericin B
and nystatin against 30 clinical zygomycetes was evaluated using
two different media. PAFE is a suppression of fungal growth after
limited drug exposure. The MICs of both drugs were determined using
NCCLS M38-P guidelines. A spectrophotometric method was used to
determine PAFE in vitro. Spores were exposed to
amphotericin B and nystatin in RPMI-1640 or AM3 at concentrations
of 4 x and 1 x MIC
for 4 h for Absidia sp. and at 1 x and
0.5 x MIC for 1 h for the other strains. Drugs
were eliminated by washing. Exposed and control spores were cultured
in microtitre wells and incubated for 48 h. PAFE was calculated
as T - C (
Keywords: PAFE, zygomycetes, amphotericin B, nystatin
Evaluation of the post-antifungal effect (PAFE)
of amphotericin B and nystatin against 30 zygomycetes using two
different media
2 Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious
Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
t) between the control and the exposure fungi.
The first increase in optical density (OD0) was used
to calculate PAFE and was considered significant when the value
of the lower 95%CI of the exposed strain was greater than
the upper 95%CI of the control. MIC ranges
in RPMI-1640 were: 0.06-4 mg/L for amphotericin B and
0.5-8 mg/L for nystatin; MIC ranges in AM3 were: 0.06-2
mg/L for amphotericin B and 0.5-4 mg/L for nystatin. Killing
was not observed at the concentration and exposure time used. In
RPMI-1640, for amphotericin B the rank order for PAFE was Absidia
corymbifera (5.6 h) > Rhizopus oryzae (5.2
h) > Mucor spp. (3.5 h) > Rhizopus
microsporus (3 h), and for nystatin the rank order was Mucor spp.
(5.8 h) > R. oryzae (3.3 h) > A. corymbifera (2.9 h) > R.
microsporus (1.7 h). PAFE was not induced in Rhizomucor spp.
PAFE was dependent on drug concentration.
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