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JAC Advance Access published online on November 18, 2002
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkf220
© 2002 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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© 2002 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Original Paper

Comparative in vitro activity of five cathelicidin-derived synthetic peptides against Leptospira, Borrelia and Treponema pallidum

Vittorio Sambri 1, Antonella Marangoni 1, Lorenzo Giacani 1, Renato Gennaro 2, Rossella Murgia 3, Roberto Cevenini 1*, Marina Cinco 3

1 Sezione di Microbiologia, DMCSS, Ospedale Policlinico S.Orsola, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
2 Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Italy
3 Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Microbiologia, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

* Corresponding author. E-mail: cevenini{at}almadns.unibo.it.

Received 15 March 2002 ; revised 5 August 2002 ; accepted 23 August 2002

Abstract

Objective: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of five different cathelicidin-derived synthetic peptides (SMAP-29, LL-37, PG-1, CRAMP and BMAP-28) for Leptospira interrogans, Borrelia spp. and Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum were investigated in vitro.

Methods: The MIC of individual peptides was defined as the lowest concentration able to inhibit the motility of spirochaetes after 2 h of incubation, as detected by dark-field microscopy. The MBC of individual peptides was defined as the lowest concentration at which no spirochaetes were subcultured either in cathelicidin-free medium (leptospires and borreliae) or in hamsters (T. pallidum).

Results: The MIC values of peptides for leptospires were highly variable, depending on the compound and the strain used. Of the five cathelicidin-derived peptides, SMAP-29 from sheep and BMAP-28 from cattle were the most active against L. interrogans serovars, with MIC values varying between 3 and 51 mg/L, depending on the strains. The MICs of the remaining synthetic peptides ranged between 4.3 and 224 mg/L. The MIC values of synthetic peptides for T. pallidum ranged between 32.3 mg/L for PG-1 and 449.4 mg/L for LL-37. The MICs of all cathelicidin-derived peptides tested for Borrelia strains ranged between 307 and 449.4 mg/L. The activity of the peptides on the motility of spirochaetes was both dose- and time-dependent. The MBC values of the peptides were the same as the MIC values.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the activity of cathelicidin-derived peptides against spirochaetes is fast and highly variable, depending on the species and the strain.

Keywords: cathelicidin-derived peptide, Borrelia, Leptospira, Treponema
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