JAC Advance Access published online on September 6, 2002
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkf162
© 2002 by The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Original Paper
1 Department of Nutrition
and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
* Corresponding author. E-mail: jm332{at}umail.umd.edu.
Received 7 February 2002
; revised 13 June 2002
; accepted 27 June 2002
The performance of the Etest and agar dilution for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp.
was evaluated using a quality control strain Campylobactor
jejuni ATCC 33560, and 81 C. jejuni and 54 Campylobacter coli isolates recovered from retail
raw meats. Seven antimicrobial agents: chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin,
doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline,
were tested using the two methods, whereas azithromycin was tested
using the Etest only. The correlation between the Etest and agar
dilution MICs varied greatly depending on the antimicrobial agents
tested. The overall agreement of MICs (±1
log2 dilution) between the two methods was 61.9%,
ranging from 21.4% for nalidixic acid to 92.6% for gentamicin.
MICs obtained using the Etest were generally lower than those by
agar dilution regardless of the species of organism tested. MIC50 and/or
MIC90 values were at least one dilution lower for the
Etest than for agar dilution when testing chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin,
doxycycline, erythromycin and nalidixic acid. Based on the agar
dilution MICs, the resistant rate of the 135 Campylobacter isolates
was highest for tetracycline (82.2%), followed by doxycycline (78.5%),
nalidixic acid (21.5%), ciprofloxacin (20.7%)
and erythromycin (17.0%). None of the isolates demonstrated
resistance to chloramphenicol or gentamicin. The study indicated
that the Etest results were not in complete agreement with the agar
dilution test. Although the Etest has been proven to be a satisfactory
testing method, its use for Campylobacter susceptibility testing
requires further standardization. The study also showed that C.
jejuni and C. coli isolates resistant to antimicrobials
used for treating campylobacteriosis were common in retail raw meats.
Keywords: Campylobacter, Etest, agar
dilution, antimicrobial susceptibility
Comparison of the Etest and agar dilution for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter
2 Division of Animal
and Food Microbiology/Office of Research, Center for Veterinary
Medicine, Food & Drug Administration, Laurel,
MD 20708, USA
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