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JAC Advance Access originally published online on December 10, 2008
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2009 63(2):369-373; doi:10.1093/jac/dkn496
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Original research

Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Angkana Tantituvanont1,*, Walaisiri Yimprasert1, Pornpen Werawatganone1 and Dahrit Nilubol2

1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

Received 8 August 2008; returned 26 September 2008; revised 28 October 2008; accepted 11 November 2008

* Corresponding author. Tel: +66-0-22188402; Fax: +66-0-22188401; E-mail: t_tuvanont{at}hotmail.com

Objectives: To compare the pharmacokinetic profile of ceftiofur hydrochloride (ceftiofur) administered intramuscularly at 3 mg/kg body weight (BW) in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) versus clinically healthy pigs.

Methods: Sixteen 3- to 4-week-old PRRSV-negative pigs were randomly assigned to two groups (A and B), with eight pigs per group. Pigs in Group A were uninfected controls and pigs in Group B were intranasally challenged with a PRRSV isolate of Thai origin. Pigs in both groups were intramuscularly administered ceftiofur at 3 mg/kg BW at 7 days post-infection. Blood samples were serially collected up to 72 h post-injection. Plasma was analysed for ceftiofur and its related metabolites using HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftiofur were calculated based on non-compartmental analysis.

Results: Pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftiofur revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) in maximum concentration (Cmax), AUC, volume of distribution at the terminal phase over bioavailability (Vz/F), clearance over bioavailability (CL/F) and the terminal half-life (t1/2z) between Groups A and B. PRRSV-infected pigs had a Vz/F and CL/F of ceftiofur significantly higher than in the non-infected pigs (116% increase in Vz/F, 234% increase in CL/F). The Cmax and AUC of the infected pigs decreased by 54% and 70%, respectively, compared with the non-infected pigs. The t1/2z of the infected pigs and the non-infected pigs was 13.1 and 21.0 h, respectively.

Conclusions: The pharmacokinetic profile of ceftiofur is altered in PRRSV-infected pigs due to the decreased plasma ceftiofur concentration compared with clinically healthy pigs.

Keywords: PRRSV , pharmacokinetic profile , PK


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