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JAC Advance Access originally published online on November 29, 2008
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2009 63(2):302-308; doi:10.1093/jac/dkn485
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Veterinary Laboratories Agency. © Crown Copyright 2008. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office

Original research

Evaluation of CHROMagar CTX, a novel medium for isolating CTX-M-ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae while inhibiting AmpC-producing strains

L. P. Randall1,*, M. Kirchner1, C. J. Teale1, N. G. Coldham1, E. Liebana2 and F. Clifton-Hadley1

1 Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK 2 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Biological Hazards Unit, Largo N. Palli 5/A, I-43100 Parma, Italy

Received 26 September 2008; returned 15 October 2008; revised 28 October 2008; accepted 30 October 2008

* Corresponding author. Tel: +44-1932-357582; Fax: +44-1932-347046; E-mail: l.randall{at}vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate CHROMagar CTX (CHROMagar France), a novel agar for the selective isolation of Enterobacteriaceae expressing the blaCTX-M gene in the presence of enteric bacteria expressing AmpC enzymes.

Methods: A panel of 150 Gram-negative bacteria (mainly Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Salmonella) isolated from humans and animals were assembled for the purpose of evaluating CHROMagar CTX and comparing it with CHROMagar ECC with the addition of 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L cefotaxime or ceftazidime and with bioMérieux extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-Bx agar. CHROMagar CTX was also assessed for its ability to isolate blaCTX-M strains from farm animal faeces (n = 342).

Results: The panel contained CTX-M-positive (n = 70) strains (CTX-M types 1, 9, 14 and 15), ESBLs (n = 31) belonging to other families (OXA, PER, SHV, TEM, VEB), strains positive for ampC genes (n = 31), strains that overexpressed ampC (n = 6), non-ESBL/AmpC strains (n = 11) and Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 1). CHROMagar CTX was superior to other agars tested for selective isolation of Enterobacteriaceae expressing the blaCTX-M gene with 100% sensitivity and 64.2% specificity for CTX-M strains in the panel and 90.1% of the colonies from animal faeces plated on CHROMagar CTX were CTX-M strains.

Conclusions: CHROMagar CTX is a valuable agar in situations where it is important to isolate blaCTX-M strains in the presence of AmpC strains. The agar may be particularly useful in veterinary studies, where AmpC-producing commensal E. coli can be encountered reasonably frequently in the enteric flora of some animal species and may also be useful, following further evaluation, for samples from humans.

Keywords: blaCTX-M , Escherichia spp. , selective , chromogenic , agar


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