This article appears in the following Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy issue: The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Resistance Surveillance Project 1999/2000-2006/7 [View the issue table of contents]
Articles |
Survey, laboratory and statistical methods for the BSAC Resistance Surveillance Programmes
1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Road, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK 2 Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK 3 Quotient Bioresearch Ltd, Microbiology, 7-9 William Road, London NW1 3ER, UK
* Corresponding author. Tel: +44-117-959-4080; Fax: +44-117-959-3154; E-mail: rreynolds{at}bsac.org.uk
Objectives: The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) Bacteraemia and Respiratory Resistance Surveillance Programmes are designed for long-term surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in key pathogens of bloodstream and community-acquired respiratory infection in the UK and Ireland. This paper describes their methods in detail.
Methods: Sentinel laboratories across the UK and Ireland contributed up to a fixed quota of isolates of defined bacterial groups. Collecting laboratories were compared with national benchmarks for size of Hospital Trust and distribution of bacteraemia pathogens. A central laboratory for each programme confirmed the identification of isolates, measured MICs by the BSAC agar dilution method and undertook further testing by standard methods. The variability of the MIC method was assessed by repeated annual testing of a panel of control isolates. Classification as susceptible, intermediate or resistant was by BSAC and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoints. Statistical analysis was adjusted for inter-centre variation using random effects logistic regression.
Results: Thirty-two laboratories contributed 16 550 respiratory isolates from 1999–2000 to 2006–07; 30 laboratories contributed 15 812 bacteraemia isolates from 2001 to 2006. Although large and teaching hospitals were over-represented, the pattern of bacteraemia organisms seen in the collecting laboratories in England and Wales was similar to that in national data reported to the Health Protection Agency. Replicate MIC measurements showed that 
90% agreed within ±1, and 98% within ±2, doubling dilutions.
Conclusions: These surveillance programmes have provided reliable information on antimicrobial susceptibility in the UK and Ireland over six and eight seasons, respectively, so far. Detailed results showing non-susceptibility trends, and relationships with potential predictive factors, are presented in six linked papers in this Supplement.
Keywords: MIC , breakpoint , agar dilution , statistical analysis , antimicrobial resistance
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Reynolds Antimicrobial resistance in the UK and Ireland J. Antimicrob. Chemother., September 1, 2009; 64(suppl_1): i19 - i23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. White and on behalf of the BSAC Working Parties on Resistanc The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Resistance Surveillance Project: a successful collaborative model J. Antimicrob. Chemother., November 1, 2008; 62(suppl_2): ii3 - ii14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Reynolds, P. C. Lambert, P. R. Burton, and on behalf of the BSAC Extended Working Parties on Analysis, power and design of antimicrobial resistance surveillance studies, taking account of inter-centre variation and turnover J. Antimicrob. Chemother., November 1, 2008; 62(suppl_2): ii29 - ii39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Livermore, R. Hope, G. Brick, M. Lillie, R. Reynolds, and on behalf of the BSAC Working Parties on Resistanc Non-susceptibility trends among Enterobacteriaceae from bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland, 2001-06 J. Antimicrob. Chemother., November 1, 2008; 62(suppl_2): ii41 - ii54. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Livermore, R. Hope, G. Brick, M. Lillie, R. Reynolds, and on behalf of the BSAC Working Parties on Resistanc Non-susceptibility trends among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria from bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland, 2001-06 J. Antimicrob. Chemother., November 1, 2008; 62(suppl_2): ii55 - ii63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Hope, D. M. Livermore, G. Brick, M. Lillie, R. Reynolds, and on behalf of the BSAC Working Parties on Resistanc Non-susceptibility trends among staphylococci from bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland, 2001-06 J. Antimicrob. Chemother., November 1, 2008; 62(suppl_2): ii65 - ii74. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. F. J. Brown, R. Hope, D. M. Livermore, G. Brick, K. Broughton, R. C. George, R. Reynolds, and on behalf of the BSAC Working Parties on Resistanc Non-susceptibility trends among enterococci and non-pneumococcal streptococci from bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland, 2001-06 J. Antimicrob. Chemother., November 1, 2008; 62(suppl_2): ii75 - ii85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Farrell, D. Felmingham, J. Shackcloth, L. Williams, K. Maher, R. Hope, D. M. Livermore, R. C. George, G. Brick, S. Martin, et al. Non-susceptibility trends and serotype distributions among Streptococcus pneumoniae from community-acquired respiratory tract infections and from bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland, 1999 to 2007 J. Antimicrob. Chemother., November 1, 2008; 62(suppl_2): ii87 - ii95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Morrissey, K. Maher, L. Williams, J. Shackcloth, D. Felmingham, R. Reynolds, and on behalf of the BSAC Working Parties on Resistanc Non-susceptibility trends among Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the UK and Ireland, 1999-2007 J. Antimicrob. Chemother., November 1, 2008; 62(suppl_2): ii97 - ii103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|