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JAC Advance Access originally published online on May 19, 2008
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2008 62(3):617-625; doi:10.1093/jac/dkn213
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Original research

A comparison of antimicrobial usage in human and veterinary medicine in France from 1999 to 2005

Gérard Moulin1, Philippe Cavalié2, Isabelle Pellanne2, Anne Chevance1, Arlette Laval3, Yves Millemann4, Pierre Colin5, Claire Chauvin6,*,{dagger} on behalf of the ‘Antimicrobial Resistance’ ad hoc Group of the French Food Safety Agency

1 AFSSA ANMV French Agency for Veterinary Medicinal Products, Fougères, France 2 AFSSAPS French Health Products Safety Agency, St Denis, France 3 National Veterinary School of Nantes, Nantes, France 4 National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France 5 ESMISAB, University of Brest, Plouzané, France 6 AFSSA French Food Safety Agency, Ploufragan, France

Received 10 January 2008; returned 22 February 2008; revised 21 April 2008; accepted 27 April 2008

* Correspondence address. AFSSA French Food Safety Agency, LERAP, BP 53, Zoopole, 22440 Ploufragan, France. Tel: +33-2-96-01-62-66; Fax: +33-2-96-01-62-95; E-mail: c.chauvin{at}afssa.fr

Objectives: The antimicrobials allowed and amounts sold in veterinary and human medicine in France were compared to see if the same antimicrobial drugs are used in veterinary and human medicine, and to the same extent.

Methods: Registers of all approved antimicrobial commercial products, kept by the French Agency for Veterinary Medicinal Products (AFSSA ANMV) for animals and the French Health Products Safety Agency (AFSSAPS) for humans, were compared to determine whether the same antimicrobials were approved in 2007 for use in both human and animal populations. Sales data were collected from pharmaceutical companies between 1999 and 2005 by the AFSSA ANMV and AFSSAPS. Usage of the different antimicrobial anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classes in human and veterinary medicines was recorded. Data were expressed in tonnes of active ingredients and were then related to the animal and human biomasses to compare usages expressed in mg/kg.

Results: All antimicrobial ATC classes were used in both human and veterinary medicine. Tetracyclines accounted for the most sales in veterinary medicine. β-Lactams predominated in human medicine. A decrease in the amounts consumed by both human and animal populations was observed during the study. In 2005, 760 tonnes were used in human medicine and 1320 tonnes in veterinary medicine, corresponding to 199 and 84 mg/kg of live weight in human and animal populations, respectively.

Conclusions: The same antimicrobial drugs were used in human and veterinary medicines but the quantitative patterns of use were different. Expression of antimicrobial usage is a key point to address when comparing usage trends.

Keywords: anti-infectives , drug use surveillance , data collection , measurement unit

{dagger}Members are listed in the Acknowledgements section.


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