JAC Advance Access originally published online on April 5, 2007
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2007 59(5):1021-1024; doi:10.1093/jac/dkm076
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Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antimicrobials: a 2004 French multicentre hospital study
1 Ecole du Val de Grâce, Paris et Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, St Mandé, France 2 Faculté de médecine de Besançon, Besançon, France 3 CHRU Hôpital Calmette Lille, France
Received 19 December 2006; returned 29 January 2007; revised 14 February 2007; accepted 22 February 2007
* Correspondence address. Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, 69 Avenue de Paris, 94163 St Mandé, France. Tel: +33-1-43-98-52-91; Fax: +33-1-43-98-53-36; E-mail: hia-begin-biologie{at}woldonline.fr
Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major causative agent of hospital infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa in a French multicentre study and to investigate the mechanisms of ß-lactam resistance.
Methods: Four hundred and fifty non-repetitive strains of P. aeruginosa were collected in 15 French university hospitals in 2004. MICs of antibiotics were measured by agar dilution methods. For all the strains with MICs of ticarcillin >16 mg/L, detection and identification of the ß-lactamases, quantitative determination of cephalosporinase and overproduction of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump were evaluated.
Results: The percentages of susceptible isolates were as follows: ticarcillin, 62%; ticarcillin + clavulanic acid, 61%; piperacillin, 78%; piperacillin + tazobactam, 80% (MICs 
16 mg/L); aztreonam, 50%; ceftazidime, 78%; cefepime, 64%; imipenem, 83%; tobramycin, 80% (MICs 4 mg/L); amikacin, 86% (MIC 8 mg/L); ciprofloxacin, 68%; and levofloxacin, 57% (MICs 1 mg/L). Decreased susceptibility to imipenem was linked in two cases to VIM-type carbapenemase production. Overexpression of the AmpC cephalosporinase, production of acquired ß-lactamases including SHV2a extended-spectrum ß-lactamase and overproduction of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump were present in 16.9%, 6.5% and 22.3% of the strains, respectively.
Conclusions: In the last decade, the overall susceptibility of P. aeruginosa hospital isolates to antibiotics has remained quite stable in France. However, the emergence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases and carbapenemases in different locations is a matter of concern.
Keywords: Pseudomonas spp. , mechanisms of resistance , antimicrobial resistance surveillance , ß-lactams
Groupe d'Etude de la Résistance de Pseudomonas aeruginosa aux antibiotiques (Workgroup on the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics), Paris, France
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