JAC Advance Access originally published online on May 5, 2004
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2004) 53, 1033-1038
© 2004 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Antibiotic resistance in 3113 blood isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in 40 Spanish hospitals participating in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (2000–2002)
1 Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid; 2 Servicio de Microbiología, H. Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Received 17 December 2003; returned 21 January 2004; revised 24 February 2004; accepted 28 February 2004
Objectives: Since 1998 the European Commission has funded EARSS. We present the antibiotic susceptibility results of invasive Staphylococcus aureus obtained in Spain (2000–2002).
Material and methods: Forty hospitals participated in this study, covering nearly 30% of the Spanish population. All blood isolates of S. aureus were included. Laboratories used their usual methods to perform microbiological studies. Annual external quality controls were carried out. A questionnaire with hospital, patient and specimen data was completed for each isolate. Results were included in a database and analysed with WHONET 5 software.
Results: Invasive S. aureus was isolated in 3113 patients. Resistance was 24.5% to oxacillin, 25.4% to ciprofloxacin, 25.2% to erythromycin and 12.1% to gentamicin. Gentamicin resistance decreased from 16.6% (2000) to 9.7% (2002). Multiresistance was observed in 68.1% of oxacillin-resistant isolates. More prevalent multiresistance profiles consisted of oxacillin–ciprofloxacin–erythromycin–gentamicin (7.4%) and oxacillin–ciprofloxacin–erythromycin (7.1%). Oxacillin resistance was significantly higher in nosocomial isolates than in those implicated in community-onset infections (26.7% versus 14.2%), in isolates from adults than in those from children (27.3% versus 4.7%), in hospitals with >500 beds than in those with <500 beds (31.1% versus 18.3%) and in isolates from Intensive Care Units than in those from other departments (39.3% versus 24%). Decreased susceptibility to vancomycin was not detected.
Conclusions: In Spain, S. aureus blood isolates present a high prevalence of resistance to oxacillin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, as well as a high prevalence of multiresistance. Oxacillin resistance remains stable but varies in relation to hospital size, patient age, hospital department and place of infection acquisition.
Keywords: invasive pathogens, staphylococcal infections, antimicrobial susceptibility
* Correspondence. Tel: +34-91-822-36-50; Fax: +34-91-509-79-66; E-mail: jcampos{at}isciii.es
The Spanish Group of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System are listed in the Acknowledgements.
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