JAC Advance Access originally published online on January 28, 2004
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2004) 53, 512-517
© 2004 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Use of administrative healthcare claims to examine the effectiveness of trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole versus fluoroquinolones in the treatment of community-acquired acute pyelonephritis in women
1 Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; 3 Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba; 4 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; 5 Departments of Clinical Microbiology and Medicine, St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Received 18 February 2003; returned 15 June 2003; revised 23 November 2003; accepted 8 December 2003
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones in the treatment of community-acquired acute pyelonephritis.
Patients and methods: We identified a population-based cohort of non-pregnant women aged 18–65 years, initially treated with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole or a fluoroquinolone for community-acquired pyelonephritis in an ambulatory care setting. Subjects were identified from a healthcare claims database in Manitoba, Canada for the period 15 February 1996 to 31 March 1999. Subsequent treatment failure, as evidenced by the provision of additional treatment up to 42 days post-diagnosis, was compared between the two treatments.
Results: A total of 1084 women met inclusion criteria: 653 (60.2%) treated with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and 431 (39.8%) treated with a fluoroquinolone. Treatment outcomes were affected by subject age. At age 20, treatment with a fluoroquinolone resulted in a reduced probability of treatment failure compared with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33–0.97). At age 60, there was no difference in the probability of treatment failure (odds ratio, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.82–3.16). No other subject characteristics impacted comparative effectiveness; however, several characteristics increased the odds of treatment failure irrespective of the initial antibiotic. These included: recent urinary tract infection (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.14–3.57), recent antibiotic use (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.00–1.96;), and a treatment duration of less than 10 days (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.59–2.99).
Conclusion: Younger subjects (
20 years) treated with fluoroquinolones were less likely to experience treatment failure than those treated with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Treatment durations of less than 10 days resulted in a higher probability of treatment failure regardless of the initial antibiotic.
Keywords: outcome assessment (healthcare), health services research, insurance claim review
* Corresponding author. Tel: +1-780-492-6631; Fax: +1-780-492-1217; E-mail: acarrie{at}pharmacy.ualberta.ca
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