JAC Advance Access originally published online on January 16, 2004
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2004) 53, 383-385
© 2004 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms grown in a constant depth film fermentor to chlorhexidine, fluconazole and miconazole: a longitudinal study
1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK; 2 School of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Received 3 September 2003; returned 9 October 2003; revised 23 October 2003; accepted 4 November 2003
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the resistance of Candida albicans biofilms to both antifungal and antimicrobial agents in vitro.
Methods: Biofilms of C. albicans were grown on denture acrylic discs in a constant depth film fermentor and maintained with artificial saliva. The MIC of fluconazole, miconazole and chlorhexidine for C. albicans was first determined. Using these data, 72 h biofilms were exposed to these agents at different MIC levels. In order to assess growth, biofilms were removed from the fermentor, incubated in the test agent for various periods, the biofilms disrupted and the viable yeast cells present determined. The MIC for these cells was then also determined. In a separate experiment, biofilms of various ages (2–72 h) were exposed to sub-biofilm MIC concentrations for two different periods.
Results: C. albicans biofilms were found to be highly resistant to fluconazole and miconazole compared with the same cells grown in suspension (
1024 x MIC). In contrast, chlorhexidine inhibited the growth of C. albicans biofilms at a concentration up to 8 x MIC. When the susceptibility of biofilms over time was investigated, higher reductions were observed for chlorhexidine and miconazole than fluconazole for biofilms of 2 and 6 h.
Conclusions: We have shown in this study that the susceptibility of C. albicans to antifungal and antimicrobial agents changes throughout biofilm development.
Keywords: in vitro, antifungal, antimicrobial, MIC
* Corresponding author. Tel: +44-20-7915-1050; Fax: +44-20-7915-1127; E-mail: jpratten{at}eastman.ucl.ac.uk
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