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JAC Advance Access originally published online on April 14, 2003
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2003) 51, 1297-1300
© 2003 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

In vitro activity of amphotericin B and itraconazole in combination with flucytosine, sulfadiazine and quinolones against Exophiala spinifera

R. G. Vitale1,3, J. Afeltra1,2, G. S. de Hoog3,4, A. J. Rijs1,2 and P. E. Verweij1,2,*

1 Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen; 2 Nijmegen University Center for Infectious Diseases; 3 Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht; 4 Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Received 17 December 2002; returned 25 January 2003; revised 14 February 2003; accepted 16 February 2003

The combined effects of antifungal and antibiotic drugs against Exophiala spinifera were evaluated in vitro by the chequer-board method, calculated as a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Amphotericin B was combined with flucytosine and ciprofloxacin, whereas itraconazole was combined with ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin and sulfadiazine. Synergic effects were observed for the combinations of itraconazole with ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, and amphotericin B with ciprofloxacin and flucytosine. No antagonism was observed for any combination tested.

Keywords: Exophiala, black yeasts, quinolones, drug combinations

* Corresponding author.Tel: +31-24-3614356; Fax: +31-24-3540216; E-mail: p.verweij{at}mmb.umcn.nl


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