JAC Advance Access originally published online on April 14, 2003
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2003) 51, 1109-1117
© 2003 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones: target alterations, decreased accumulation and DNA gyrase protection
Department of Microbiology, Institut Clínic Infeccions i Immunologia, Hospital Clínic, C/.Villarroel 170, 08036-Barcelona, Spain
Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, commonly used in both clinical and veterinary medicine. Their extensive use has resulted in bacteria rapidly developing resistance to these agents. Two mechanisms of quinolone resistance have been established to date: alterations in the targets of quinolones, and decreased accumulation due to impermeability of the membrane and/or an overexpression of efflux pump systems. Recently, mobile elements have also been described, carrying the qnr gene, which confers resistance to quinolones.
Keywords: quinolone resistance, DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, efflux pumps, qnr
* Tel: +34-93-227-5522; Fax: +34-93-227-5454; E-mail: joruiz{at}clinic.ub.es
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