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JAC Advance Access originally published online on November 28, 2002
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2003) 51, 59-68
© 2003 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Multicentre surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in enterococci and staphylococci from Colombian hospitals, 2001–2002

C. A. Arias1,2,*, J. Reyes1, M. Zúñiga1, L. Cortés1, C. Cruz1, C. L. Rico2, D. Panesso1,§ and on behalf of the Colombian Antimicrobial Resistance Group (RESCOL)

1 Bacterial Molecular Genetics Unit, Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad El Bosque, Transv 9a Bis No. 133-25, Bogotá; 2 Surgical Microbiology Service, Department of Surgery, Fundación Santa Fé de Bogotá, Calle 116 No. 9-02, Bogotá, Colombia

Received 4 July 2002; returned 2 August 2002; revised 18 September 2002; accepted 20 September 2002

Invasive isolates of staphylococci and enterococci were collected from 15 tertiary care centres in five Colombian cities from 2001 to 2002. A total of 597 isolates were available for analysis. Identification was confirmed by both automated methods and multiplex PCR assays in a central laboratory. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) corresponded to 49.6% and 29.6% of isolates, respectively, and 20.8% were identified as enterococci. MICs of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, linezolid, oxacillin, rifampicin, teicoplanin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and vancomycin were determined using an agar dilution method as appropriate. Screening for vancomycin-resistant S. aureus was also carried out on brain–heart infusion agar plates supplemented with vancomycin. The presence of mecA and van genes was investigated in methicillin-resistant staphylococci and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE), respectively. All staphylococci were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. No VISA isolates were found. In S. aureus and CoNS, the lowest rates of resistance were found for SXT (7.4%) and chloramphenicol (10.7%), respectively. Resistance to oxacillin in S. aureus and CoNS was 52% and 73%, respectively. The mecA gene was detected in 97.5% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. In enterococci, resistance to glycopeptides was 9.7%: vanA (58.3%) and vanB (41.7%) genes were found. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated that the GRE isolates were closely related. Rates of resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and high levels of gentamicin and streptomycin were 9.7%, 27.4%, 8.9%, 43%, 17% and 28.2%, respectively. All enterococci were susceptible to linezolid.

Keywords: staphylococci, enterococci, resistance, Colombia

* Corresponding author. Tel: +57-1-523-4879; Fax: +57-1-216-5116; E-mail: caa22{at}cantab.net

§ Members of the RESCOL group are listed in the Acknowledgements.


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