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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2000) 46, 263-268
© 2000 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Attenuation of nephrotoxicity by a novel lipid nanosphere (NS-718) incorporating amphotericin B

Mohammad A. Hossaina, Shigefumi Maesakia, Mohammed S. Razzaqueb, Kazunori Tomonoa, Takashi Taguchib and Shigeru Kohnoa,*

a Second Department of Internal Medicine and b Second Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan

NS-718, a lipid nanosphere incorporating amphotericin B, is effective against pathogenic fungi and has low toxicity. We compared the toxicity of NS-718 with that of Fungizone (amphotericin B–sodium deoxycholate; D-AmB) in vitro using renal cell cultures and in vivo by biochemical analysis, histopathological study of the kidney and pharmacokinetic study of amphotericin B following intravenous infusion of the formulation in rats. Incubation with NS-718 resulted in significantly less damage of cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells compared with D-AmB. Serum blood urea and creatinine concentrations increased significantly in rats given an iv infusion of D-AmB 3 mg/kg but not in those given the same dose of NS-718. Histopathological examination of the kidney showed tubular necrosis in D-AmB-treated rats but no change in NS-718-treated rats. Amphotericin B concentrations in the kidney in NS-718-treated rats were higher than those in D-AmB-treated rats. Our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that incorporation of amphotericin B into lipid nanospheres of NS-718 attenuates the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B.

* Corresponding author. Tel: +81-95-849-7271; Fax: +81-95-849-7285; E-mail: sk1227{at}net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp


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