Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2000) 45, 1-4
© 2000 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Leading articles |
Carbapenems: the pinnacle of the ß-lactam antibiotics or room for improvement?
Cancer and Infection Research Department, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
This article provides a perspective on carbapenems, two examples of which, imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem, are currently available for clinical use. Another analogue, panipenem, which is co-administered with betamipron to act as a nephro-protectant, is registered for use in Japan.1 This compound has activity and pharmacokinetics similar to imipenem/cilastatin. Several other examples have failed to reach the market whilst at least one is currently in clinical trials. The structure of these is presented in the Figure
, which displays an explanation of substituent positioning. However, the focus of this review will be to contrast the two widely available agents, to define differences and then to comment on what advances might be introduced into new analogues.
|
ß-Lactam antibiotics, embracing penicillins with or without ß-lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins, cephamycins, oxacephamycins, monobactams, carbacephems, penems and carbapenems, represent the most
Notes
References
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. P. Vagvala, L. G. Thebeau, S. R. Wilson, and L. A. Morrison Virus-Encoded B7-2 Costimulation Molecules Enhance the Protective Capacity of a Replication-Defective Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Vaccine in Immunocompetent Mice J. Virol., January 15, 2009; 83(2): 953 - 960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Fakioglu, S. S. Wilson, P. M. M. Mesquita, E. Hazrati, N. Cheshenko, J. A. Blaho, and B. C. Herold Herpes Simplex Virus Downregulates Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor: a Novel Immune Evasion Mechanism J. Virol., October 1, 2008; 82(19): 9337 - 9344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D. Sloan and K. R. Jerome Herpes Simplex Virus Remodels T-Cell Receptor Signaling, Resulting in p38-Dependent Selective Synthesis of Interleukin-10 J. Virol., November 15, 2007; 81(22): 12504 - 12514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A M Geretti Genital herpes Sex Transm Inf, December 1, 2006; 82(suppl_4): iv31 - iv34. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Wang, C. Cassidy, and J. C. Sacchettini Crystal Structure and Activity Studies of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis {beta}-Lactamase Reveal Its Critical Role in Resistance to {beta}-Lactam Antibiotics. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., August 1, 2006; 50(8): 2762 - 2771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Baltch, L. H. Bopp, R. P. Smith, P. B. Michelsen, and W. J. Ritz Antibacterial activities of gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and erythromycin against intracellular Legionella pneumophila and Legionella micdadei in human monocytes J. Antimicrob. Chemother., July 1, 2005; 56(1): 104 - 109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Keller, A. Tuyama, M. J. Carlucci, and B. C. Herold Topical microbicides for the prevention of genital herpes infection J. Antimicrob. Chemother., April 1, 2005; 55(4): 420 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Felmingham, J. Shackcloth, and G. Tillotson BSAC Respiratory Resistance Surveillance Programme (2002-2003): comparative susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae, cultured from patients in Great Britain and Ireland with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection, to gemifloxacin J. Antimicrob. Chemother., September 1, 2004; 54(3): 698 - 699. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Alhambra, J. A. Cuadros, J. Cacho, J. L. Gomez-Garces, and J. I. Alos In vitro susceptibility of recent antibiotic-resistant urinary pathogens to ertapenem and 12 other antibiotics J. Antimicrob. Chemother., June 1, 2004; 53(6): 1090 - 1094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Morrissey and G. Tillotson Activity of gemifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae J. Antimicrob. Chemother., February 1, 2004; 53(2): 144 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Herbst and R. B. Pyles Immunostimulatory CpG treatment for genital HSV-2 infections J. Antimicrob. Chemother., December 1, 2003; 52(6): 887 - 889. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Shah and R. D. Isaacs Ertapenem, the first of a new group of carbapenems J. Antimicrob. Chemother., October 1, 2003; 52(4): 538 - 542. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P. MacGowan and K. E. Bowker Mechanism of Fluoroquinolone Resistance Is an Important Factor in Determining the Antimicrobial Effect of Gemifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an In Vitro Pharmacokinetic Model Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., March 1, 2003; 47(3): 1096 - 1100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Huff, R. Eberle, J. Capitanio, S. S. Zhou, and P. A. Barry Differential detection of B virus and rhesus cytomegalovirus in rhesus macaques J. Gen. Virol., January 1, 2003; 84(1): 83 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Ince, X. Zhang, L. C. Silver, and D. C. Hooper Topoisomerase Targeting with and Resistance to Gemifloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., January 1, 2003; 47(1): 274 - 282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Sainz Jr and W. P. Halford Alpha/Beta Interferon and Gamma Interferon Synergize To Inhibit the Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 J. Virol., October 11, 2002; 76(22): 11541 - 11550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. R. Walsh, A. Bolmstrom, A. Qwarnstrom, and A. Gales Evaluation of a New Etest for Detecting Metallo-{beta}-Lactamases in Routine Clinical Testing J. Clin. Microbiol., August 1, 2002; 40(8): 2755 - 2759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ikoma, J.-A. Liljeqvist, J. Groen, K. L. Glazenburg, T. H. The, and S. Welling-Wester Use of a Fragment of Glycoprotein G-2 Produced in the Baculovirus Expression System for Detecting Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2-Specific Antibodies J. Clin. Microbiol., July 1, 2002; 40(7): 2526 - 2532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Franceschini, B. Segatore, M. Perilli, S. Vessillier, L. Franchino, and G. Amicosante Meropenem stability to {beta}-lactamase hydrolysis and comparative in vitro activity against several {beta}-lactamase-producing Gram-negative strains J. Antimicrob. Chemother., February 1, 2002; 49(2): 395 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Livermore, K. J. Oakton, M. W. Carter, and M. Warner Activity of Ertapenem (MK-0826) versus Enterobacteriaceae with Potent {beta}-Lactamases Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., October 1, 2001; 45(10): 2831 - 2837. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. H. Edelstein, T. Shinzato, E. Doyle, and M. A. C. Edelstein In Vitro Activity of Gemifloxacin (SB-265805, LB20304a) against Legionella pneumophila and Its Pharmacokinetics in Guinea Pigs with L. pneumophila Pneumonia Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., August 1, 2001; 45(8): 2204 - 2209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. File Jr, B. Schlemmer, J. Garau, M. Cupo, C. Young, and the 049 Clinical Study Group Efficacy and safety of gemifloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, double-blind comparison with trovafloxacin J. Antimicrob. Chemother., July 1, 2001; 48(1): 67 - 74. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Livermore, M. W. Carter, S. Bagel, B. Wiedemann, F. Baquero, E. Loza, H. P. Endtz, N. van den Braak, C. J. Fernandes, L. Fernandes, et al. In Vitro Activities of Ertapenem (MK-0826) against Recent Clinical Bacteria Collected in Europe and Australia Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., June 1, 2001; 45(6): 1860 - 1867. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kleinkauf, G. Ackermann, R. Schaumann, and A. C. Rodloff Comparative In Vitro Activities of Gemifloxacin, Other Quinolones, and Nonquinolone Antimicrobials against Obligately Anaerobic Bacteria Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., June 1, 2001; 45(6): 1896 - 1899. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|