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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1995) 35, 399-408
© 1995 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

research-article

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mupirocin calcium ointment for eliminating nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among hospital personnel

C. Fernandeza, C. Gaspara, A. Torrellasb, A. Vindelc, J. A. Saez-Nietoc, F. Cruzeta and L. Aguilarb

aPreventative Medicine Department, San Carlos University Hospital, Professor Martín Lagos s/n 28040, Madrid, Spain bMedical Department, SmithKline Beecham, S.A. Valle de la Fuenfria no 3, 28034 Madrid, Spain cStaphylococcal Reference Laboratory of the Carlos III Health Institute, Crta de Majadahonda Pozuelo Km 2 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain

Received 8 February 1994; returned 9 May 1994; accepted 26 September 1994

Sixty-eight health care workers were enrolled in a double-blind clinical trial and randomized to receive either mupirocin calcium ointment or placebo, intranasally bid for 5 days. Nasal cultures were taken immediately before starting treatment, 1 and 2 during treatment, at the end of treatment, 3 days later, weekly for 1–5 weeks and then monthly for 2–6 months after treatment. Mupirocin eliminated nasal carriage with Staphylococcus aureus in 58% of subjects within two days and 86·7% subjects by the end of therapy compared to 9·4% subjects at the end oftreatment with placebo (P < 0.001). Post-treatment colonization rates of 43%, 56% and 67% were attained after 1 month, 2–4 and 6 months treatment with mupirocin respectively and recolonisation with the same strain of S. aureus that had been isolated before treatment was noted in 32%, 40% and 48%. No resistance to mupirocin developed and the drug was well tolerated. Mupirocin is safe and effective in suppressing nasalcarriage of S. aureus.


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