JAC Advance Access originally published online on April 14, 2003
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2003) 51, 1055-1065
© 2003 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Leading Article |
Antibiotic efflux pumps in prokaryotic cells: occurrence, impact on resistance and strategies for the future of antimicrobial therapy
1 Unité de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; 2 Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium; 3 Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France; 4 Département de Microbiologie, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
Keywords: antibiotic, efflux, transporters, prokaryotes, resistance
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Originally described in bacteria, drug transporters (or efflux pumps) are now recognized as major determinants in the modulation of the accumulation and efflux of antibacterials in virtually all cell types, from prokaroytes to superior eukaryotes. Transport proteins are in fact major cellular products. Based on sequence similarities with known transporters and with proteins possessing at least two transmembrane segments, it has been calculated that 15–20% of the genome of Escherichia coli or of Saccharomyces cerevisiae may code for this type of protein.1 At least 300 gene products are proposed to transport known substrates effectively, out of which 
20–30 transport antibiotics and other drugs.2 Figure 1, on this basis, identifies the main groups of transporters (also referred to as superfamilies) that have been shown so far to act effectively upon antibiotics. Two of these superfamilies [major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and ATP binding cassette superfamily (ABC)] span the prokaryote–eukaryote boundary, but
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Why antibiotic transporters? |
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What are the main antibiotic transporters? |
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Impact on resistance |
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Strategies for the future |
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Acknowledgements |
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