JAC Advance Access originally published online on December 12, 2002
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2003) 51, 9-11
© 2003 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Leading Article |
The importance of efflux pumps in bacterial antibiotic resistance
Antimicrobial Agents Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Keywords: efflux, multiple antibiotic resistance
| The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below. |
Efflux pumps are transport proteins involved in the extrusion of toxic substrates (including virtually all classes of clinically relevant antibiotics) from within cells into the external environment. These proteins are found in both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria as well as in eukaryotic organisms.1 Pumps may be specific for one substrate or may transport a range of structurally dissimilar compounds (including antibiotics of multiple classes); such pumps can be associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR). In the prokaryotic kingdom there are five major families of efflux transporter:2 MF (major facilitator), MATE (multidrug and toxic efflux), RND (resistance-nodulation-division), SMR (small multidrug resistance) and ABC (ATP binding cassette). All these systems utilize the proton motive force as an energy source,3 apart from the ABC family, which utilizes ATP hydrolysis to drive the export of substrates. Recent advances in DNA
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