JAC Advance Access published online on May 16, 2008
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkn192
Original research |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic determinants of early virological response to enfuvirtide-based regimens in HIV-positive patients
1 Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
Received 6 January 2008; returned 17 February 2008; revised 21 March 2008; accepted 7 April 2008
* Correspondence address. Clinica di Malattie Infettive, Universitá di Torino, Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy. Tel: +39-011-4393980; Fax: +39-011-4393882; E-mail: danifarre{at}hotmail.com
Background: Early virological response (VR) to enfuvirtide-based salvage regimens at week 12 has been described as a predictor of long-term therapeutic success. The relationship between enfuvirtide plasma exposure and VR has not yet been investigated in the clinical setting. Our aim was to investigate the role of enfuvirtide plasma exposure as a determinant of early VR in the clinical setting.
Methods: Forty-two multidrug-experienced patients starting a salvage enfuvirtide-based regimen were prospectively evaluated over a 12 week period. HIV-RNA levels and enfuvirtide Ctrough were regularly measured. VR was considered as achievement of viral load (VL) undetectability and/or a decrease of more than 1 log at week 12.
Results: Optimized background score (OBS) and enfuvirtide Ctrough concentrations were associated with VL decrease at week 12. An OBS 
2 and enfuvirtide Ctrough >2100 ng/mL were associated with VR. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis confirmed this exposure–response relationship both in the total population and in different groups according to OBS <2 or 2. Higher estimates of IC50 were calculated for the OBS <2 group when compared with the OBS 2 group (7551 versus 2330 ng/mL, respectively), without a marked difference in I0 (0.31 versus 0.21 log) and Imax (–2.64 versus –3.33 log).
Conclusions: Enfuvirtide plasma exposure and OBS were found to significantly influence the magnitude and rate of early VR. The PK/PD modelling of enfuvirtide concentrations was different in our clinical setting, compared with previous data obtained under trial conditions. Therefore, optimization of enfuvirtide plasma exposure could deserve further evaluation as a determinant of therapeutic response in HIV-positive patients.
Key Words: entry inhibitor , efficacy , PK/PD