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JAC Advance Access published online on September 10, 2007
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkm338
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Comparison of the effects of macrolides, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, doxycycline, tobramycin and fluoroquinolones, on the production of pneumolysin by Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro

R. Anderson1,*, H. C. Steel1, R. Cockeran1, A. von Gottberg2, L. de Gouveia2, K. P. Klugman2,3, T. J. Mitchell4 and C. Feldman5

1 Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit for Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, and Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa 2 MRC/NICD/WITS Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa 3 Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, and Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 4 Division of Infection and Immunity, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK 5 Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Johannesburg Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Received 4 June 2007; returned 22 July 2007; revised 7 August 2007; accepted 8 August 2007

* Correspondence address. Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. Tel: +27-12-319-2425; Fax: +27-12-323-0732; E-mail: ronald.anderson{at}up.ac.za

Objectives: To compare the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, tobramycin and doxycycline on pneumolysin production by a macrolide-susceptible strain and two macrolide-resistant strains [erm(B) or mef(A)] of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Methods: Pneumolysin was assayed using a functional procedure based on the influx of Ca2+ into human neutrophils.

Results: Only the macrolides/macrolide-like agents caused significant attenuation of the production of pneumolysin, which was evident with all three strains of the pneumococcus.

Conclusions: Macrolides, at sub-MICs, but not other classes of antibiotic, subvert the production of pneumolysin, even in the presence of (and irrespective of the mechanism of) macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae.

Key Words: macrolide resistance , pneumococcus , protein synthesis


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